Cyclospora cayetanensis: biología, distribución ambiental y transferencia
Palabras clave:
Cyclospora, ciclosporosis, biología, ecología, revisión.
Resumen
Cyclospora cayetanensis es un protozoo apicomplexa que ha emergido como un patógeno importante causante de diarrea endémica y epidémica en el mundo. En los países industrializados, el parásito se ha reconocido como agente causal de diversas epidemias asociadas, principalmente, con alimentos importados de áreas endémicas. En los países en vías de desarrollo, la ciclosporosis humana está ampliamente distribuida y, en la población general, se han descrito tasas de infección que varían de 0 % a 41,6 %. Sin embargo, la epidemiologia, biología y ecología de C. cayetanensis permanecen poco conocidas. Su ciclo de vida no está totalmente caracterizado y parece requerir un huésped único, el humano, para completarse. El papel que los animales puedan desempeñar como reservorios naturales del parásito permanece sin determinar.Se tiene poca información sobre la distribución ambiental de C. cayetanensis y los vehículos de transmisión del ambiente a los humanos. El agua, los alimentos y los suelos contaminados pueden actuar como vehículos de diseminación del coccidio. Permanecen incertidumbres significativas sobre el parásito, que reflejan la necesidad de continuar los esfuerzos de investigación en diversas áreas, incluyendo su biología básica y distribución ambiental.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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2. Mansfield LS, Gajadhar AA. Cyclospora cayetanensis a food-and waterborne coccidian parasite. Vet Parasitol. 2004;126:73-90.
3. Ortega YR, Sterling CR, Gilman RH. Cyclospora cayetanensis. Adv Parasitol. 1998;40:339-418.
4. Long EG, Ebrahimzadeh A, White EH, Swisher B, Callaway CS. Alga associated with diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in travellers. Clin Microbiol. 1990;28:1101-4.
5. Shlim DR, Cohen MT, Eaton M, Rajah R, Long EG, Ungar BL. An alga-like organism associated with an outbreak of prolonged diarrhea among foreigners in Nepal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1991;45:383-9.
6. Bourée P, Lancon A, Bisaro F, Bonnot G. Six human cyclosporiasis: With general review. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2007;37:349-60.
7. Puente S, Morente A, García-Benayas T, Subirats M, Gascón J, González-Lahoz JM. Cyclosporiasis: A point source outbreak acquired in Guatemala. J. Travel Med. 2006;13:334-7.
8. Chambers J, Somerfeldt S, Mackey L, Nichols S, Ball R, Roberts D, et al. Outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.1996;45:549-51.
9. Anonymous. Update: Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis-United States and Canadá. Can Comm Dis Rept. 1997;23:143-4.
10. Herwaldt BL, Ackers ML. An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1548-56.
11. Herwaldt BL, Beach MJ. The return of Cyclospora in 1997: Another outbreak of cyclosporiasis in North America associated with imported raspberries. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:210-20.
12. Herwaldt BL. Cyclospora cayetanensis: A review, focusing on the outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in the 1990s. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:1040-57.
13. Dawson D. Foodborne protozoan parasites. Int J Food Microbiol. 2005;103:207-27.
14. Huang P, Weber JT, Sosin DM, Griffin PM, Long EG, Murphy JJ, et al. The first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with Cyclospora in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:409-14.
15. Karanis P, Kourenti C, Smith H. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J Water Health. 2007;5:1-38.
16. Pratdesaba RA, González M, Piedrasanta E, Mérida C, Contreras K, Vela C, et al. Cyclospora cayetanensis in three populations at risk in Guatemala. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:2951-3.
17. Ortega YR, Sterling CR, Gilman RH, Cama VA, Díaz F. Cyclospora species- a new protozoan pathogen of humans. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1308-12.
18. Bern C, Hernández B, López MB, Arrowood MJ, Álvarez M, de Mérida AM, et al. Epidemiologic studies of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Guatemala. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:766-74.
19. López AS, Bendik JM, Alliance JY, Roberts JM, da Silva AJ, Moura IN, et al. Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis and other intestinal parasites in a community in Haiti. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:2047-54.
20. Madico G, McDonald J, Gilman RH, Cabrera L, Sterling CR. Epidemiology and treatment of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Peruvian children. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;24:977-81.
21. Chacín-Bonilla L, Mejía M, Estévez J. Prevalence and pathogenic role of Cyclospora cayetanensis in a Venezuelan community. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;68:304-6.
22. Chacín-Bonilla L, Barrios F, Sánchez Y. Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in San Carlos Island, Venezuela: Strong association between socio-economic status and infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007;101:1018-24.
23. Burstein S. Ciclosporosis: una parasitosis emergente (1). Aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos. Rev Gastroenterol Perú. 2005;25:328-35.
24. Chacín-Bonilla L, Estévez J, Monsalve F, Quijada L. Cyclospora cayetanensis infections among diarrheal patients from Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001;65:351-4.
25. Bern C, Ortega YR, Checkley W, Roberts JM, Lescano AG, Cabrera L, et al. Epidemiologic differences between cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian children. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:581-5.
26. Hoge CW, Echeverría R, Jacobs J, Matthouse S, Chapman E, Jiménez LM, et al. Prevalence of Cyclospora species and other enteric pathogens among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:3058-60.
27. Eberhard ML, Nace EK, Freeman AR, Streit TG, Da Silva AJ, Lammie PJ. Cyclospora cayetanensis infections in Haiti: A common occurrence in the absence of watery diarrhea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;60:584-6.
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Cómo citar
1.
Chacín-Bonilla L, Barrios F. Cyclospora cayetanensis: biología, distribución ambiental y transferencia. biomedica [Internet]. 16 de abril de 2011 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];31(1):132-43. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/344
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