Retracción a largo plazo del árbol dendrítico de neuronas piramidales córtico-faciales por lesiones periféricas del nervio facial
Palabras clave:
rata, nervio facial, células piramidales, corteza motora
Resumen
Introducción. Poco se sabe sobre las modificaciones morfológicas de las neuronas de la corteza motora tras lesiones en nervios periféricos, y de la implicancia de dichos cambios en la recuperación
funcional tras la lesión.
Objetivo. Caracterizar en ratas el efecto de la lesión del nervio facial sobre la morfología de las neuronas piramidales de la capa V de la corteza motora primaria contralateral.
Materiales y métodos. Se reconstruyeron neuronas piramidales teñidas con la técnica de Golgi-Cox, de animales control (sin lesión) y animales con lesiones y sacrificados a distintos tiempos luego de la lesión. Se utilizaron cuatro grupos: sham (control), lesión 1S, lesión 3S y lesión 5S (animales con lesiones y evaluados 1, 3 y 5 semanas después de la lesión irreversible del nervio facial, respectivamente). Se evaluaron mediante el análisis de Sholl, las ramificaciones dendríticas de las células piramidales de la corteza motora contralateral a la lesión.
Resultados. Los animales con lesiones presentaron parálisis completa de las vibrisas mayores durante las cinco semanas de observación. Comparadas con neuronas de animales sin lesiones, las células piramidales córtico-faciales de los lesionados mostraron una disminución significativa de sus ramificaciones dendríticas. Esta disminución se mantuvo hasta cinco semanas después de la lesión.
Conclusiones. Las lesiones irreversibles de los axones de las motoneuronas del núcleo facial, provocan una retracción sostenida del árbol dendrítico en las neuronas piramidales córtico-faciales.
Esta reorganización morfológica cortical persistente podría ser el sustrato fisiopatológico de algunas de las secuelas funcionales que se observan en los pacientes con parálisis facial periférica.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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34. de la Cruz RR, Pastor AM, Delgado-García JM. Influence of the postsynaptic target on the functional properties of neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Rev Neurosci. 1996;7:115-49.
35. Huntley GW. Correlation between patterns of horizontal connectivity and the extent of short-term representational plasticity in rat motor cortex. Cereb Cortex. 1997;7:143-56.
36. Mountcastle VB. The columnar organization of the neocortex. Brain. 1997;120:701-22.
37. Troncoso J, Múnera A, Delgado-García JM. Learningdependent potentiation in the vibrissal motor cortex is closely related to the acquisition of conditioned whisker responses in behaving mice. Learn Mem. 2007;14:84-93.
38. Pardal-Fernández JM, García-Álvarez G, Jerez-García P, Marco-Giner J, Almodóvar-Álvarez C. Parálisis facial periférica. Utilidad de la neurofisiología clínica. Rev Neurol. 2003;36:991-6.
39. Cárdenas CA, Múnera A. Changes in cutaneous sensibility in patients with Bell's palsy. FENS Abstr. 2010;5:136.
2. Moran LB, Graeber MB. The facial nerve axotomy model. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2004;44:154-78.
3. Carvell GE, Simons DJ. Biometric analyses of vibrissal tactile discrimination in the rat. J Neurosci. 1990;10:2638-48.
4. Grinevich V, Brecht M, Osten P. Monosynaptic pathway from rat vibrissa motor cortex to facial motor neurons revealed by lentivirus-based axonal tracing. J Neurosci. 2005;25:8250-8.
5. Hattox AM, Priest CA, Keller A. Functional circuitry involved in the regulation of whisker movements. J Comp Neurol. 2002;442:266-76.
6. Wineski LE. Facial morphology and vibrissal movement in the golden hamster. J Morphol. 1985;183:199-217.
7. Dörfl J. The innervation of the mystacial region of the white mouse. A topographical study. J Anat. 1985;142:173-84.
8. Rice FL, Mance A, Munger BL. A comparative light microscopic analysis of the sensory innervation of the mystacial pad: Innervation of vibrissal follicle-sinus complexes. J Comp Neurol. 1986;252:154-74.
9. Izraeli R, Porter LL. Vibrissal motor cortex in the rat: Connections with the barrel field. Exp Brain Res. 1995;104:41-54.
10. Farkas T, Perge J, Kis Z, Wolff JR, Toldi J. Facial nerve injury-induced disinhibition in the primary motor cortices of both hemispheres. Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12:2190-4.
11. Landgrebe M, Laskawi R, Wolff JR. Transient changes in cortical distribution of S100 proteins during reorganization of somatotopy in the primary motor cortex induced by facial nerve transection in adult rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2000;12:3729-40.
12. Toldi J, Farkas T, Perge J, Wolff JR. Facial nerve injury produces a latent somatosensory input through recruitment of the motor cortex in the rat. Neuroreport. 1999;10:2143-7.
13. Donoghue JP, Suner S, Sanes JN. Dynamic organization of primary motor cortex output to target muscles in adult rats II. Rapid reorganization following motor nerve lesions. Exp Brain Res. 1990;79:492-503.
14. Sanes JN, Wang J, Donoghue JP. Immediate and delayed changes of rat motor cortical output representation with new forelimb configurations. Cereb Cortex. 1992;2:141-52.
15. Toldi J, Laskawi R, Landgrebe M, Wolff JR. Biphasic reorganization of somatotopy in the primary motor cortex follows facial nerve lesions in adult rats. Neurosci Lett. 1996;203:179-82.
16. Keller A, Weintraub ND, Miyashita E. Tactile experience determines the organization of movement representations in rat motor cortex. Neuroreport. 1996;7:2373-8.
17. Franchi G. Persistence of vibrissal motor representation following vibrissal pad deafferentation in adult rats. Exp Brain Res. 2001; 137:180-9.
18. Tailby C, Wright LL, Metha AB, Calford MB. Activitydependent maintenance and growth of dendrites in adult cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:4631-6.
19. Holtmaat A, Wilbrecht L, Knott GW, Welker E, Svoboda K. Experience-dependent and cell-type-specific spine growth in the neocortex. Nature. 2006;441:979-83.
20. Troncoso J, Múnera A. Cambios inducidos en la corteza motora primaria de la cara por lesión periférica del nervio facial contralateral. Acta Biológica Colombiana. 2008;13:220.
21. Alonso JR. Los métodos de Golgi. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca; 1994.
22. Sholl DA. Dendritic organization in the neurons of the visual and motor cortices of the cat. J Anat. 1953;87:387-406.
23. Bose M, Muñoz-Llancao P, Roychowdhury S, Nichols JA, Jakkamsetti V, Porter B, et al. Effect of the environment on the dendritic morphology of the rat auditory cortex. Synapse. 2010;64:97-110.
24. Sánchez F, Gómez-Villalobos M de J, Juárez I, Quevedo L, Flores G. Dendritic morphology of neurons in medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens in adult SH rats. Synapse. 2011;65:198-206.
25. Brännström T, Kellerth JO. Recovery of synapses in axotomized adult cat spinal motoneurons after reinnervation into muscle. Exp Brain Res. 1999;125:19-27.
26. Peyghambari F, Valojerdi MR, Tiraihi T. A morphometric study on the early stages of dendrite changes in the axotomized motoneuron of the spinal cord in newborn rats. Neurol Res. 2005;27:586-90.
27. Kobayashi NR, Bedard AM, Hincke MT, Tetzlaff W. Increased expression of BDNF and trkB mRNA in rat facial motoneurons after axotomy. Eur J Neurosci. 1996;8:1018-29.
28. Schmitt AB, Breuer S, Liman J, Buss A, Schlangen C, Pech K, et al. Identification of regeneration-associated genes after central and peripheral nerve injury in the adult rat. BMC Neurosci. 2003;4:8-20.
29. Gustafsson B. Changes in motoneurone electrical properties following axotomy. J Physiol. 1979;293:197-215.
30. Laiwand R, Werman R, Yarom Y. Electrophysiology of degenerating neurones in the vagal motor nucleus of the guinea-pig following axotomy. J Physiol. 1988;404:749-66.
31. Mentis GZ, Díaz E, Moran LB, Navarrete R. Early alterations in the electrophysiological properties of rat spinal motoneurones following neonatal axotomy. J Physiol. 2007;582:1141-61.
32. Kassa RM, Bentivoglio M, Mariotti R. Changes in the expression of P2X1 and P2X2 purinergic receptors in facial motoneurons after nerve lesions in rodents and correlation with motoneuron degeneration. Neurobiol Dis. 2007;25:121-33.
33. Mattsson P, Delfani K, Janson AM, Svensson M. Motor neuronal and glial apoptosis in the adult facial nucleus after intracranial nerve transection. J Neurosurg. 2006;104:411-8.
34. de la Cruz RR, Pastor AM, Delgado-García JM. Influence of the postsynaptic target on the functional properties of neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Rev Neurosci. 1996;7:115-49.
35. Huntley GW. Correlation between patterns of horizontal connectivity and the extent of short-term representational plasticity in rat motor cortex. Cereb Cortex. 1997;7:143-56.
36. Mountcastle VB. The columnar organization of the neocortex. Brain. 1997;120:701-22.
37. Troncoso J, Múnera A, Delgado-García JM. Learningdependent potentiation in the vibrissal motor cortex is closely related to the acquisition of conditioned whisker responses in behaving mice. Learn Mem. 2007;14:84-93.
38. Pardal-Fernández JM, García-Álvarez G, Jerez-García P, Marco-Giner J, Almodóvar-Álvarez C. Parálisis facial periférica. Utilidad de la neurofisiología clínica. Rev Neurol. 2003;36:991-6.
39. Cárdenas CA, Múnera A. Changes in cutaneous sensibility in patients with Bell's palsy. FENS Abstr. 2010;5:136.
Cómo citar
1.
Urrego D, Múnera A, Troncoso J. Retracción a largo plazo del árbol dendrítico de neuronas piramidales córtico-faciales por lesiones periféricas del nervio facial. biomedica [Internet]. 30 de junio de 2011 [citado 25 de abril de 2024];31(4):560-9. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/440
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