2024-03-28T19:17:58Z
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/oai
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/2
2009-12-17T12:36:55Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Supervivencia de pacientes con cáncer de cuello uterino tratadas en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Pardo, Constanza
Grupo de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
Cendales, Ricardo
Grupo de Radioterapia Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Uterine cervical cancer is the first cause of incidence and mortality in Colombian women. Nearly 10% of all the cases in the country are treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Evaluation of the institutional success rates is suggested.
Objective. Patient survival over a 5 year period was summarized for those admitted for treatment of cervical cancer at the Institute in the year 2000.
Materials and methods. All patients with cervical cancer at the Institute in 2000 were included in the survival analysis. Frequencies, central tendencies and dispersion measures were used to describe categorical and numerical variables. Survival analysis was performed by using Kaplan Meier and the multivariate Cox regression model.
Results. During the study period, 651 patients with cervical cancer were treated. Among the 455 eligible patients, 303 (66%) were alive at the end of the study period. Mean survival time for patients who did not die was 3.69 years, with a standard deviation of 2.58 years. Cumulated five year overall survival probability was 58.8% and mean survival was 4.53 years. The only variable that significantly affected the survival function was the clinical stage at the time of the diagnosis.
Conclusions. Overall survival results are similar to those described in other international institutions. If larger cohort studies were used, the power of the study can be increased in order to identify other factors associated with the prognosis.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/2
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/7
2009-12-17T12:36:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Efectividad de la citología cérvico-uterina para la detección temprana de cáncer de cuello uterino en el marco del sistema de salud de Colombia
Murillo, Raúl
Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Cendales, Ricardo
Grupo de Radioterapia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Wiesner, Carolina
Grupo de Radioterapia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Piñeros, Marion
Área de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Tovar, Sandra
Grupo de Prevención, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Despite the implementation of cytological screening since 1991, cervical cancer continuous to be the leading cause of cancer mortality among Colombian women.
Objectives. The effectiveness of cytology-based cervical cancer screening was subjected to review in the context of the Colombian health system.
Materials and methods. A case-control study was done. Invasive cervical cancer cases between 25-69 years were recruited and histopathological confirmation was required. Controls without invasive cancer were matched by age and neighborhood. Cases and controls were recruited in four Colombian provinces representing different settings for cervical cancer control with respect to program performance and mortality rates. The cases were randomly selected from the pathology in each province (year 2005). A survey of risk factors and cytology history in the previous 72 months was conducted.
Results. Fifty cases and 50 controls in each department were enrolled for a total of 400 subjects. The average age was 48.4 years, illiteracy 12.5%, and persons without health insurance 13.8%.
The average number of Pap-smears was higher among controls (p<0.01). Cases with a Pap-smear in the previous 36 months was nearly half (49.5%). Oral contraceptives and the lack of cytology were associated with invasive cervical cancer.
Conclusions. Cytology-based screening continued to be effective for early detection of cervical cancer in Colombia but its effectiveness was determined by quality of Pap-smears rather than by screening coverage. Governmental guidelines need to be revisited. Case-control studies provided a useful tool for evaluation of the screening program.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/7
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/8
2009-12-17T12:36:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Eficacia del Orbscan II y Pentacam en la evaluación de los mapas de elevación en candidatos a cirugía refractiva mediante un análisis de repetibilidad
Blanco, Claudia
Cornea and Refractive Surgery Unit, Vision Sana Research Group, Clínica de Oftalmología de Cali, Cali, Colombia. Ophthalmology Service. Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Núñez, María Ximena
Cornea and Refractive Surgery Unit, Vision Sana Research Group, Clínica de Oftalmología de Cali, Cali, Colombia
Introduction: Anterior and posterior corneal elevations are measurements used to detect keratoconus suspects.
Purpose: To determine the efficacy of Orbscan II® and Pentacam® when assessing their elevation maps.
Materials and methods: The efficacy of the Orbscan II and Pentacam measuring the anterior and posterior corneal elevations were evaluated in a sample of 68 eyes. The concordance between the two devices and the coefficient of repeatability were measured following the parameters of the British Standard Institution by the Bland-Altman concordance analysis and the Lin concordance correlation coefficient.
Results: The coefficient of repeatability at the point of maximum anterior elevation was 68.29% with the Orbscan and 24.20% with the Pentacam. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.64 (CI 95%: 0.48-0.76) with the Orbscan and 0.94 with the Pentacam (CI 95%: 0.91-0.96). The coefficient of repeatability at the point of maximum posterior elevation was 38.7% with the Orbscan and 68.0% with the Pentacam. The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.69 with the Orbscan (CI 95%: 0.55-0.80) with a precision of 0.71 and an accuracy of 0.97, and 0.24 with the Pentacam (CI 95%: 0.00-0.45) with a precision of 0.24 and an accuracy of 0.99.
Conclusions: Measurement of the point of maximum posterior elevation is better with the Orbscan II and less precise with the Pentacam. The random error can be reduced by using the mean of three assessments and can serve as a guide in the search of diagnostic devices with minimum absolute relative error in all measurements.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/8
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/9
2009-12-17T12:36:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Detección de efectos secundarios asociados a la administración de tramadol y dipirona en un hospital de alta complejidad
Montoya, Giovanny
Departamento de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Vaca, Claudia
Departamento de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Parra, María Fernanda
Departamento de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. The efficacy and safety of pharmaceutical drugs such as dipirone and tramadol must be a primary objective in the post-marketing period and as they are used in specific population groups.
Objectives. The frequency of adverse effects (including therapeutic failure) with the medications tramadol and dipirona were described and estimated.
Material and methods. At the Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, adverse events associated with dipirone and tramadol were rigorously tracked in patients hospitalized in the internal medicine, as well as the orthopedics and surgery departments. For a period of six months, data were collected by means of the Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia Médica y Alimentos (INVIMA) standard report form. Direct costs of adverse event treatment to the patient were calculated.
Results. Adverse reactions were detected 213 times in 171 (8.4%) of the 2,547 patients admitted to the services (incidence rate. Of these instances, 53.4% were rated as possible for dipirone and 46.82% for tramadol. Of the total, 0.6% (16 cases) were classes as serious adverse events. The gastrointestinal system was the most affected, with the incidences of adverse events for dipirone of 27%) and tramadol of 42.9%. The total cost generated by the medical response to the 213 adverse events was estimated to be US$14,346.53.
Conclusions. An unacceptable level of preventable adverse events was described that impacted the well-being of patients, as well as the costs associated with remedial treatment. These data recommend that institutional pharmacovigilance programs be required.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/9
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/10
2009-12-17T12:36:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Diferencias de sexo, edad y lípidos plasmáticos asociadas al polimorfismo de la apolipoproteína E en un grupo de escolares de Quindío, Colombia
Loango, Nelsy
Grupo de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Metabólicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia. Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnologías, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
Gallego, Martha Lucía
Grupo de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Metabólicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
Restrepo, Beatriz
Grupo de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Metabólicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
Landázuri, Patricia
Grupo de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Metabólicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
Introduction. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism is a genetic determinant of total cholesterol and LDL-c levels. Several studies have examined the relationship between variations at the APO E and cardiovascular disease. It is important to determine this relationship in the Colombian population.
Objectives. The relationship of apoE polymorphisms was associated with lipid profile by age and sex.
Materials and methods. A sample of 500 children aged 8 to 18 years, were selected from school populations in Quindio Province, Colombia. ApoE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme. Lipid profiles were obtained by commercial kits.
Results. The apoE allele frequencies were as follows: E3 - 91.6%, E2 - 5.3, and E4 - 3.1%. Genotypic frequencies were as follows: E3/E3 - 90.8%, E2/E3 - 5.6%, and E3/E4 - 3.2%. No homozygotes for E2/E2 and E4/E4 were recovered. Similar genotypic and allelic distribution was found for each gender. ApoE genotype and gender had a significant effect on total serum cholesterol (CT) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-LDL). In boys these variables were related as follows: E4>E3>E2 (p<0.05); in girls the relationships were somewhat changed Polimorfismos apoE y lípidos en escolares
(E3>E4>E2). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-HDL) levels in boys were related as follows: E2>E4>E3; for girls, E4>E2>E3. In boys, for all variables, the protector effect was in E2; but in girls this allele was only a protector for CT and c-LDL, For triacylglycerol (TAG), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (c-VLDL) and c-HDL, this the protector effect was associated with the E4 allele, (p<0.05).
Conclusion. The results suggested that modulation of apoE genotype on plasma lipids was influenced by gender and age, especially in girls older than 10 years.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/10
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/11
2009-12-17T12:36:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Impacto de un botadero a cielo abierto en el desarrollo de síntomas respiratorios y en costos familiares de atención en salud de niños entre 1 y 5 años en Cali, Colombia
Girón, Sandra Lorena
Grupo Epidemiología y Salud Poblacional, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Mateus, Julio César
Grupo Epidemiología y Salud Poblacional, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Méndez, Fabián
Grupo Epidemiología y Salud Poblacional, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
Introduction. Exposure to contaminants of waste disposal sites potentially has negative health effects on population living in close vicinity. However, the impact to the community in terms of illness and health care costs have not been documented in Colombia.
Objective. To determine the effects of an open waste disposal site on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in children 1-5 year old and on associated household care costs in Cali, Colombia.
Material and methods. A cohort of 863 1-5 year old children was assembled—409 exposed to the site and 454 living more distant. Over a 6-month period, measurement of respiratory symptoms and estimates of associated costs were undertaken once a month by interviewing the mother or another adult responsible of child health. A longitudinal logistical analysis was used to determine the independent effect of the disposal site on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms. Differences in average costs between families of exposed and unexposed children were estimated by non-parametric bootstrap techniques.
Results. Exposure to the disposal site was associated with a larger probability of respiratory symptoms (odds ratio=1.37, 95%CI 1.17-1.60) and with higher household medical costs due to respiratory symptoms were on the average US$ 10.19 higher (95% US$ 2.63 - 16,82).
Conclusion. Living in neighborhoods close to garbage disposal sites has negative effects on the respiratory health of children and results in increased family costs related to treatment of associated respiratory symptoms.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/11
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/12
2010-01-08T02:02:51Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Identificación de algunos genes asociados al proceso de germinación de la conidia al micelio en Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
García, Ana María
Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Hernández, Orville
Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia. Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
Aristizábal, Beatriz H.
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
Cano, Luz Elena
Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia. Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
McEwen, Juan G.
Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Restrepo, Ángela
Unidad de Micología Médica y Experimental, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermo-dimorphic fungus. At room temperature it grows as a mold that produces conidia, whereas in the vertebrate host it grows as a multiple-budding yeast. The molecular mechanisms involved in the germination from the conidia to the mycelia process remain unknown.
Objective. The kinetics of conidia to mycelia germination process were studied in the dimorphic fungus P. brasiliensis. Gene expression during this process was evaluated by construction and analysis of an EST library.
Materials and methods. For the germination kinetics study, P. brasiliensis conidia were isolated as single cell units. Then, they were cultured at 18° C in BHI (brain-heart infusion) broth for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. After each perion, they were examined by light microscopy. From conidia harvested at 96 hr, an EST library was constructed; at this stage the gene expression was presumed to be maximal for the germination process.
Results. During the conidia to the mycelia developmental process, the following germination rates were observed: at 24 hr, 11.7±1.2%; at 48 hr, 30±0.6%; at 72 hr, 43±1.3%; and at 96 hr, 66±2.4%. At the 96 hour stage, an EST library was constructed. It consisted of 129 sequences grouped in 4 contigs and 7 singlets for a total of 11 possible genes. Eight of the sequences had not been described previously in other EST libraries of this fungus.
Conclusions. New genes were identified that were expressed during the conidia to the mycelia germination process and may represent genes specific to the germination process.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/12
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/13
2009-12-17T12:36:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Caracterización preliminar de los sitios de cría de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae) en el municipio de Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia
Carvajal, José Joaquín
Maestría en Estudios Amazónicos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Leticia, Colombia
Moncada, Ligia Inés
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Rodríguez, Mauricio Humberto
The Manhiça Health Research Center, Maputo, Mozambique, África
Pérez, Ligia del Pilar
Secretaría de Salud Departamental del Amazonas, Leticia, Colombia
Olano, Víctor Alberto
Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
Introduction. Because the role of Aedes albopictus as an incriminated vector of several viral pathogens, its control is important to human health. To establish appropriate control methods, characterization of the larval habitats is a necessary first step.
Objective. Habitats of the immature stages of Ae. albopictus were characterized with respect to physical-chemical parameters and by floral and faunal arrays present.
Materials and methods. Leticia is located at the southernmost tip of Colombia on the banks of the Amazon River. In the urban area, 154 houses were inspected in December 2002 and January 2003. Physical-chemical data were collected, including exposure to sunlight, location, container size and material, water conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. Macroinvertebrates and plankton samples were taken at each positive larval site. The results were compared using descriptive analysis, principal component analysis, classification dendrograms, and diversity indexes.
Results. Twenty-one habitats were found positive for Diptera, and 13 were positive for Ae. albopictus larvae. Most of the positive habitats (92%) were located near the houses--they were small or medium size receptacles located in the shade. This water generally had low conductivity and low turbidity, although high values of these parameters were also identified. The habitats had low diversity indexes for macroinvertebrates and high diversity indexes for plankton. In the principal component analysis, significant correlation was found with mites, oligochaetes and hemipterans (the macroinvertebrates) and with bacilarophyceaes, clorophyceaes and cianophyceas (the algal forms).
Conclusion. In Leticia, females of Ae. albopictus were found in newly established habitats with sufficient availability of resources, low conductivity, and turbidity, lower intra-and interspecific competition.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/13
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/14
2009-12-17T12:36:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Brote de rabia urbana transmitida por perros en el distrito de Santa Marta, Colombia, 2006-2008
Páez, Andrés
Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Rey, Gloria
Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Agudelo, Carlos
Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Dulce, Alvaro
Subdirección de Vigilancia y Control en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Parra, Edgar
Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Díaz-Granados, Hernando
Secretaría de Salud del Distrito de Santa Marta, Santa Marta, Colombia
Heredia, Damaris
Subdirección de Vigilancia y Control en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Polo, Luis
Subdirección de Vigilancia y Control en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. An urban rabies outbreak occurred in the District of Santa Marta between April 2006 and January 2008, which resulted in the deaths of 4 humans and 28 dogs.
Objectives. Three objectives were entertained—first, the diagnostic laboratory techniques were described as well as the rabies control actions taken; second, the impact of anti-rabies dog vaccination was assessed in terms of neutralizing antibody seroconversion; and third, the epidemiological significance and public health implications of the outbreak were examined.
Materials and methods. Rabies diagnosis was achieved by direct immunofluorescence, inoculation of mice and immunohistochemistry. Typing of the virus was achieved by indirect immunofluorescence. Control activities included a dog population census, vaccination and treatments for persons exposed to rabies, mass vaccination of dogs and cats, and initiation of a community education program. Seroconversion was investigated by capture ELISA.
Results. Antigenic variant 1 was detected in all cases. Of vaccinated dogs, 77% were seropositive,and 47% were seroprotected against rabies. No differences were found in the humoral response between dog gender; however significant differences in dog seroprotection were discovered between localized comunities in Santa Marta.
Conclusions. The 2006-2008 urban rabies outbreak was the largest reported in a city in Colombia. It was caused by rabid dogs, and demonstrated that these animals are still a threat for human health despite the existence of efficient rabies vaccines. The control of the outbreak was achieved 20 months after the first rabies case in dogs, and 14 months after the initiation of the first mass vaccination of animals. The necessity of implementation and maintenance of rabies control strategies is underlined for minimizing human risk.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/14
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/15
2009-12-17T12:36:55Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Susceptibilidad in vitro a hexadecilfosfocolina (miltefosina), nifurtimox y benznidazole de cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi aisladas en Santander, Colombia
Escobar, Patricia
Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia.
Luna, Katherine Paola
Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
Hernández, Indira Paola
Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia.
Rueda, César Mauricio
Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
Zorro, María Magdalena
Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
Croft, Simon L.
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Introduction. The current chemotherapy for Chagas disease is unsatisfactory with only two drugs available for treatment. Research to discover new drugs for Chagas disease is urgent. Hexadecyl-phosphocholine (HPC, miltefosine) has been demonstrated to have in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, but its activity on different Colombian T. cruzi strains is not known.
Objective. To evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of T. cruzi strains isolated from humans and vectors in Santander, Colombia. to miltefosine, nifurtimox and benznidazole.
Materials and methods. Eight T. cruzi Colombian strains and three reference strains (Esmeraldo, SilvioX10 and Y) were studied. Drug activities against extracellular epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were determined by microscopic counting. The results were expressed as the concentrations that inhibited 50% and 90% growth (IC50 and IC90).
Results. For miltefosine a similar range of drug activity was observed against all the Colombian strains, all parasites being more susceptible to miltefosine than to the reference drugs. The intracellular amastigotes were more susceptible to miltefosine (IC50 0.08 to 0.63 μM and IC90 0.21 to 2.21 μM) than extracellular forms (IC50 <0.92 to 2.29 μM and IC90 1.38 to 4.76 μM). For reference drugs, parasites were more susceptible to nifurtimox than to benznidazole and some differences in activity of benznidazole between T. cruzi strains was observed.
Conclusions. The results showed the significant in vitro activity of miltefosine against T. cruzi stages, and the expected results for the reference drugs. Further in vivo studies with miltefosine are planned.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/15
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/16
2009-12-17T12:36:55Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de los efectos del glifosato y otros plaguicidas en la salud humana en zonas objeto del programa de erradicación de cultivos ilícitos
Varona, Marcela
Grupo de Salud Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Henao, Gloria Lucía
Grupo de Factores de Riesgo Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Díaz, Sonia
Grupo de Salud Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Lancheros, Angélica
Grupo de Salud Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Murcia, Álix
Grupo de Salud Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Rodríguez, Nelcy
Grupo de Métodos en Bioestadística, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Álvarez, Víctor Hugo
Grupo de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Ministerio de la Protección Social, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. The herbicide glyphosate is administered aerially by the Program to Eradicate Illicit Crops Program and is undertaken in rigorous compliance with the Environmental Management Plan.
Objective. The effects of the glyphosate herbicide and other aerially applied insecticides were measured to determine possible impact on human health.
Materials and methods. In 2006-2006, a survey was taken of 112 individuals living in herbicide-treated areas of the Colombian provinces of Huila, Tolima, Putumayo, Guaviare, Santander, Antioquia, Magdalena and La Guajira. Samples of blood were examined for presence of acetylcholinesterase and organochlorine insecticides; urine was analyzed for glyphosate and its metabolites.
Results. Fifty percent (50%) of the individuals sampled acknowledged the use of control chemicals as part of their work. The mean exposure time to the chemicals was 84.4 months, with a mean daily exposure of 5.6 hours. The most commonly used pesticides were of category I--extremely hazardous. In individuals sampled for glyphosate (39.6% of the total), 64.3% indicated the use of this herbicide at ground level in agricultural work. A statistically significative relationship was found between the use of glyphosate at ground level, and the concentration levels of glyphosate in the urine samples (odds ratio=2.54, 95% CI: 1.08 to 6.8).
Conclusion. These data did not show a relationship between the aerial sprayings of glyphosate for illicit crops eradication and an impact on human health, nor with occupational exposure to this and other chemicals (insecticides) with a high levels of toxicity.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/16
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 3 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/23
2009-12-18T16:31:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Análisis filogenético de las cepas de rotavirus y virus de la hepatitis A encontradas en agua de consumo en el municipio de Quibdó, Chocó
Gutiérrez, María Fernanda
Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Moreno, Sandra
Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Alvarado, Mónica Viviana
Laboratorio de Virología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Bermúdez, Andrea
Laboratorio de Virología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Quibdó, the capital of Chocó Province, is one of the poorest cities in Colombia. Enteric viruses such as rotavirus and hepatitis A virus was found to occur commonly in city drinking water and indicated poor water quality and high risk of becoming infected. The source of these viruses was unknown, but humans and cattle were suspect sources.
Objective. City water was assessed to determine source and persistence of diarrhea and hepatitis among the human populations in the environs of Quibdó.
Material and methods. Four thousand liters of water were collected, filtered by tangential ultrafiltration and centrifuged in Centriprep Ultracel YM-50 tubes. Sixty samples of untreated and 20 of treated water were probed by RT-PCR.
Results. Six samples were positive for rotavirus and 2 for hepatitis A virus in both, treated and non treated water. DNA sequence analysis identified the presence of human G2 rotavirus and human hepatitis A virus.
Conclusion. The evidence indicated a high level of contamination with pathogenic viruses in consumable water sources in Quibdó, Colombia.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/23
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/24
2009-12-18T16:31:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Expansión clónica y caracterización genómica del proceso de integración del virus linfotrópico humano tipo I en la leucemia/linfoma de células T en adultos
Salcedo-Cifuentes, Mercedes
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Cabrera, Jesús
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
Cuesta-Astroz, Yesid
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Carrascal, Edwin
Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Eizuru, Yoshito
Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Domínguez, Martha C.
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Sánchez, Adalberto
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
García-Vallejo, Felipe
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Introduction. Although the integration of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I into the T-cells is not a random process, the mechanistic details are not understood.
Objectives. The characteristics of the flanking host chromatin were evaluated at the integration sites in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients infected with the virus.
Materials and methods. From seven leukemic Colombian patients positive for the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), lymphocyte DNA samples were extracted and amplified by inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR). Clonal expansion and human genome nucleotide composition in an extension of 50 bp was determined. To establish the characteristics of the human genome flanking provirus, 61 IPCR sequences from Colombian and Japanese ATLL patients, were analyzed in silico to obtain insights about the genomic structure, functions and nature of associated chromatin.
Results. The clonal expansion of cell clones was predominantly oligoclonal. From 61 IPCR sequences, 155 alignments with homology higher than 95% (e-value <0.05) were screened. Seventy-five percent of those sequences corresponded to non coding elements that include repetitive and non-repetitive DNA. Fifty percent of the proviral integrations were associated with chromosomes of A and B groups. Viral DNA integration tended to favor exons of genes that replicated early, controlled the cell cycle, or were involved in signal transduction.
Conclusions. The results indicated that HTLV-I integration was preferentially directed towards genomic environments with high C:G content, and toward genes that replicate early, regulate cell cycle or involved with signal transduction.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/24
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/25
2009-12-18T16:31:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en una población de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en cuatro hospitales, Colombia, Sur América
Beltrán, Mauricio
Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Navas, María Cristina
Grupo de Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Arbeláez, María Patricia
Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Donado, Jorge
Banco de Sangre, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
Jaramillo, Sergio
Banco de Sangre, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
De la Hoz, Fernando
Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Facultad de Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Estrada, Cecilia
EPS Seguro Social, Medellín, Colombia
Cortés, Lucía del Pilar
Banco de Sangre, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
de Maldonado, Amalia
EPS Seguro Social, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Rey, Gloria
Red Nacional de Bancos de Sangre, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Although the transfusion of blood products is a common therapy, it carries risk of transmission of infections, especially hepatitus B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Objective. As part of the blood safety initiative, the Pan American Health Organization supported studies to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Colombia.
Materials and methods. Between February and September 2003, a cross sectional study examined 500 multiply-transfused patients at four hospital centers in the cities of Bogotá and Medellín. The serum samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using commercial kits.
Results. The seroprevalence of HIV infection was 1.8% (CI 95% 0.5-3.1). The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 18.6% (CI 95% 15.1-22.1). Six risk factors were associated with HIV and HBV infection: (1) receiving more than 48 units of blood or blood components, (2) diagnosis of hemophilia, (3) receiving transfusions for more than one year, (4) receiving whole blood, (5) co-infection with hepatitis C virus and (6) receiving transfusions before 1993.
Conclusions. This is the first epidemiological study with a significant sample size performed in multiply-transfused patients in Colombia. The principal finding was the high prevalence of HBV and HIV infection in patients with diagnosis of hemophilia compared with the other five groups of multiply-transfused patients.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/25
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/26
2009-12-19T12:09:19Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Desarrollo y validación de una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa múltiple para la identificación de los serogrupos B, C2, D y E de Salmonella enterica
Cardona-Castro, Nora
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Lavalett, Lelia
Maestría en Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia. Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Sánchez, Miryan Margot
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Múñoz, Nélida
Grupo de Microbiología, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Moreno, Jaime
Grupo de Microbiología, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. The scheme Kauffman-White (KW) for serotyping of Salmonella recognizes 46 O antigens, and 119 H antigens, thereby permitting the characterization of 2,541 serotypes. The serotyping is a useful epidemiological tool in identifying circulating serotypes and to characterize outbreaks. However, the method presents technical limitations, difficulty in interpretation of results and high costs.
Objective. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction test (M-PCR) was developed as an alternative method for the identification of serogroups B, C2, D, and E of Salmonella enterica.
Materials and methods. The M-PCR detected Salmonella genes rfbJ of serogroups B and C2 and wzx of serogroups D and E. To standardize the M-PCR, reference strains of Salmonella serogroups were compared. Amplification of invA gender-specific gene of Salmonella was included as internal control of amplification. To validate the test, a blind study was conducted to identify by M-PCR 400 isolates that had been previously characterized by serology.
Results. The M-PCR detected Salmonella serogroups with reproducible results (Kappa index=0.95). The sensitivity of the test was between 98% to 100% and specificity between 96% to 100%.
Conclusions. The polymorphisms in the Salmonella genes rfbJ and wzx permitted the development of a method for molecular typing of Salmonella serogroups that was sensitive, specific and reproducible.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/26
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/27
2009-12-18T16:31:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Factores de riesgo asociados a neumonía en pacientes
Yepes, David
Departamento de Cuidado Intensivo, Clínica Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia. Departamento de Cuidado Intensivo, Clínica CES, Medellín, Colombia. Grupo de Cuidado Crítico, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.
Molina, Francisco
Departamento de Cuidado Intensivo, Clínica Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Ortiz, Gloria
Sección de Bacteriología, Clínica Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Aguirre, Ricardo
Sección de Bacteriología, Clínica Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Pneumonia in patients with head trauma occurs commonly; however, few data are available to evaluate the effects of the infection on the prognosis.
Objective. The incidence and microbiological findings were described, and the associated risk factors were established with the appearance of pneumonia in patients with severe brain trauma.
Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted that included 39 patients with severe brain trauma and who required mechanical ventilation; initially, none had pneumonia. These patients were observed during a 24-month period in an attempt to discern the principal risk factors associated with the onset of pneumonia.
Results. Pneumonia occurred in 31 (80%) of the 39 patients, and 28 of these presented early pneumonia. The most frequent germ in patients with pneumonia was Staphylococcus aureus with a percentage of the 42.4%. In the multivariate analysis, the single statistically significant risk factor was the presence of hypotension and vasopressor support with a RR=27.9 (95% CI=1.0-749.9, p<0.05). No significant differences in the days of mechanical ventilation or mortality in both groups. The major mortality-associated risk factor in patients with pneumonia was a low Glasgow score at admittance with an OR=2.19 (95% CI 1.03 - 4.65), p<0.05.
Conclusions. The incidence of pneumonia in patients with severe brain trauma is high; however, its appearance does not affect the prognosis. The single significant risk factor was the presence of hypotension and vasopressor support.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/27
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/28
2009-12-18T16:31:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091218 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Validez y confiabilidad de la escala del Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression en estudiantes adolescentes de Colombia
Rueda-Jaimes, Germán Eduardo
Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Camacho, Paul Anthony
Maestría de Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Latorre, José Fidel
Maestría de Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Navarro-Mancilla, Álvaro Andrés
Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Escobar, Mauricio
Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Franco, Jorge Augusto
Grupo de Neuropsiquiatría, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Introduction. Major depressive disorder is the second major cause of adolescent psychological incapacitation in Latin-America. However, scales for detecting these disorders have not been validated for screening adolescents in Colombia.
Objective. The validity and reliability of a Spanish translation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D)-Depression scale was assessed in adolescent students.
Materials and methods. A validation study for a diagnostic scale was performed with a sample of 390 adolescent students from Bucaramanga, Santander Province, in northwestern Colombia. The students were evaluated by two methods: (a) the CPS-depression scale and (b) a semi-structured clinical interview. Three to 28 days after the interview, the scale was re-applied. Criterion validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability was analyzed.
Results. The mean age was 14.8±1.2 years old. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 11.5%. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85. The area under the curve produced by the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82, and the cut point of ≥23 showed a sensitivity of 73.3%; specificity, 73.6%; positive predictive value, 26.6%, and negative predictive value, 95.5%. Lin´s coefficient of concordance was 0.75.
Conclusions. The validity and reliability of the Spanish translation of the CES-D scale were similar to those reported in the international literature although with a higher cut point.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/28
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/29
2009-12-24T18:06:59Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Cambios en las concentraciones de retinol, hemoglobina y ferritina en niños palúdicos colombianos
Uscátegui, Rosa Magdalena
Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Correa, Adriana M.
Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Malaria, anemia and intestinal parasitism can co-exist in certain populations of Colombian children. The effects of retinol supplementation and anti-intestinal parasite treatment in children with malaria is unknown. Changes after this treatment of with respect to hemoglobin, retinol, ferritin and C reactive protein levels have not been previously monitored.
Objective. The effect of simultaneous intervention with antimalarial, retinol supplementation and anti-intestinal parasites treatment will be monitored by examining levels of hemoglobin, ferritin, retinol and C reactive protein in children with malaria.
Materials and methods. A non-blind experimental study was conducted in 93 children with malaria, aged 4-10 years. Each was randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (1) treatment with antimalarial and retinol supplement (Group MA); (2) treatment with antimalarial-retinol supplement and anti-parasitic drug (Group MAP); (3) treatment with antimalarial and anti-parasitic drug (Group MP), and (4) treatment only with antimalarials (Group M). The groups were observed for 30 days, with haemoglobin, ferritin, retinol and C reactive protein evaluated on days 0, 8 and 30 after treatment.
Results. Mean values for the children at day 0 were as follows: hemoglobin 10.3±1.6 g/dL, retinol 19.1±6.0 μg/dL, C reactive protein 75±63 mg/L and ferritin 213±203 μg/L. On day 30 after treatment, hemoglobin and plasma retinol concentrations increased in 1.4±1.4 g/dL and 11.5±8.1 μg/dL, whereas the C reactive protein and ferritin concentrations decreased to 66±60 mg/L, and 184±203 μg/L, respectively. No statistically significant differences appeared among the groups. On day 8, significant differences between the groups were observed in hemoglobin concentrations Group MAP was higher when compared to other groups.
Conclusion. On day 30, hemoglobin and retinol were high, whereas C reactive protein was low. Simultaneous administration of a retinol supplement and anti-parasite treatment prevented hemoglobin reduction observed on day 8 without changes in other variables.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/29
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/30
2009-12-18T16:31:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de estrategias comunitarias para el control de Aedes aegypti en Cali, Colombia
Ocampo, Clara Beatriz
Unidad de Entomología Médica, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
González, Camila
Unidad de Entomología Médica, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
Morales, Carlos A.
Área de Salud Ambiental-Programa Dengue, Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal, Cali, Colombia
Pérez, Mauricio
Unidad de Entomología Médica, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
Wesson, Dawn
Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Apperson, Charles S.
Medical and Veterinary Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
Introduction: Dengue viruses transmitted principally by the urban mosquito Aedes aegypti, cause one of the major public health problems confronting tropical cities. Insecticide spraying has been the mainstay of mosquito control; however, its continuous use has selected for resistance. Other important methods of control involve community participation.
Objective: This study evaluated two control methods for Ae. aegypti that can be used by the community: Lethal ovitraps (LOs) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israeliensis (Bti) briquettes.
Materials and methods: The project study was carried out in four similar neighborhoods within a representative district in the city of Cali, Colombia. Three interventions (LO, Bti, LO+Bti plus education and one control (education only) area were evaluated for efficacy in post-intervention entomological surveys. Additionally, entomological indices were also compared to results from a pre-intervention survey carried out on a sample of city blocks in the same neighborhoods. Relative vector abundance in relation to weather conditions using the same entomological sampling methods was compared.
Results: The interventions did not achieve significant differences in vector abundance among the treatments. However, the interventions achieved a significant reduction in entomological indices compared with those observed during the pre-intervention survey: House index 15.1% vs. 8.5%, mean pupae per house 1.15 vs. 0.073, and Adult index 56.3% vs. 34.8% (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The lack of significant differences among the interventions, and between treated and control blocks suggested that educational activities together with periodic visits to the houses produced similar reductions of immature and adult Aedes aegypti.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/30
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/31
2009-12-18T16:31:13Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Distribución de los genotipos de fimA en cepas de Porphyromonas gingivalis aisladas de placas subgingivales y de sangre durante bacteriemias
Bonnaure-Mallet, Martine
Equipe Microbiologie, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
Pérez-Chaparro, Paula Juliana
Equipe Microbiologie, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France. Basic Oral Research Unit Institute, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Gracieux, Patrice
Equipe Microbiologie, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
Meuric, Vincent
Equipe Microbiologie, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
Tamanai-Shacoori, Zohreh
Equipe Microbiologie, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.
Castellanos, Jaime Eduardo
Virology Institute, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered as a major etiological agent in the onset and progression of chronic destructive periodontitis. Porphyromonus gingivalis fimA type has been correlated to the virulence potential of the strain; therefore this gene could be involved in the ability of P. gingivalis to reach blood stream.
Objective. The classifications of P. gingivalis fimA types will be compared in subgingival plaque and blood samples collected after scaling and root root planing of periodontitis patients.
Materials and methods. Fifteen periodontitis patients requiring scaling and root planing were enrolled. P. gingivalis isolates were classed to genotype with fimA type-specific PCR assay. fimA gene was sequenced if the isolate was listed as unclassifiable after PCR technique.
Results. Six patients showed positive P. gingivalis bacteremia. The most frequent fimA was fimA type II, followed by Ib, III and IV. In blood strains, type II was followed by IV, Ib and III.
Conclusion. Type II was the most frequent genotype in blood samples and in subgingival plaque samples. However, no correlation was found between the frequency of any fimA type with SRP induced bacteremia. P. gingivalis fimA type appears to be conserved within individual patients throughout the times of sample collection. fimA gene sequence results were not in agreement with results of fimA genotyping by PCR.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/31
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/32
2009-12-18T16:31:13Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Estudio piloto de la eficacia y de los efectos sobre los gametocitos del esquema artesunato-mefloquina-primaquina para la malaria por Plasmodium falciparum
Vásquez, Ana María
Universidad de Antioquia
Sanín, Felipe
Grupo de Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Álvarez, Luis Gonzalo
Grupo de Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Tobón, Alberto
Grupo de Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Ríos, Alexandra
Grupo de Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Blair, Silvia
Grupo de Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Introduction. The treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria requires a safe and effective therapeutic treatment regimen, which in turn has high impact on the transmission. In 2006, an artesunate (AS)-mefloquine (MQ) treatment program was implemented in Antioquia. In addition, primaquine (PQ) was added to eliminate malaria gametocytes in the bloodstream.
Objective. The efficacy and gametocytocidal activity was evaluated for two treatment regimens, AS-MQ-PQ and AS-MQ, in patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.
Materials and methods. Between April 2007 and February 2008, 50 patients were recruited for the trial in Turbo, Antioquia. A randomized clinical trial was conducted. Treatment compliance was supervised, with a clinical and parasitological assessment on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 to evaluate response rate according to the WHO 2003 protocol.
Results. Clinical response and parasite elimination efficacy of AS-MQ (with or without PQ) was 100% (95% CI 86.3%-100%), and parasitemia and fever were absent on day 3 of treatment in all patients. Gametocyte elimination was superior when PQ was used--92% (95% CI: 74%-99%) of patients who received PQ had no gametocytes on day 3, compared to 78.3% (95% CI: 59%-93%) of patients who only received AS-MQ. Furthermore, circulating gametocytes were eliminated on average one week faster when the AS-MQ-PQ treatment scheme was used compared to the scheme without PQ.
Conclusion. These studies recommend the use of AS-MQ to treat P. falciparum malaria given its good therapeutic efficacy. However, further assessment is suggested concerning the benefit of adding PQ to this treatment scheme.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/32
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 2 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/40
2009-12-19T12:04:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Costos directos de la artritis reumatoide temprana en el primer año de atención: simulación de tres situaciones clínicas en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel en Colombia
Quintana, Gerardo
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Mora, Claudia
Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Militar Central, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
González, Andrés
Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Militar Central, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Díaz, Jorge Díaz
Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. In Colombia, the cost burden of chronic diseases is not well known, either globally or in localized areas of the health system. Rheumatoid arthritis is one of most common chronic diseases, and represents a high cost for the health system.
Objective. The direct medical costs were estimated for rheumatoid arthritis patients in the in the first year of diagnosis at a level 3 university hospital in Colombia.
Materials and methods. Three therapy settings for early rheumatoid arthritis patients were established in the first year of diagnosis according to national and international guidelines. Each setting included treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or biologic therapy based on disease severity as measured by Disease Activity Score 28. All direct medical costs were included: specialized medical care, diagnostic tests and drugs. Cost information was obtained from the Central Military Hospital finance department in Bogotá and the national manual of drug prices based on the “Farmaprecios” 2007 guide, a reference in general use by health institutions.
Results. The average of cost of medical care in patients with mild, moderate and severe disease was US$1,689, $1,805 and $23,441 respectively. The recommended retail prices of the medicines published in “Farmaprecios” was US$ 1,418, $1,821 and $31,931. When the charges levied by several major health institutions were compared, substantial increases were noted, US$ 4,936, $ 7,716 and $ 123,661, respectively. Drug costs represented 86% of total cost, laboratory costs were 10% and medical attention was only 4%.
Conclusions. Drugs costs were the principal component of the total direct medical cost, and it increased 40 times when a biological therapy is used. Complete economic evaluation studies are necesary to estimate the viability and clinical relevance of biological therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/40
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/41
2010-09-15T20:54:17Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Actividad antituberculosa de plantas colombianas
Bueno-Sánchez, Juan Gabriel
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Centro Colombiano de Investigación en Tuberculosis-CCITB, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Martínez-Morales, Jairo René
Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, CIBIMOL, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Stashenko, Elena E.
Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, CIBIMOL, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Ribón, Wellman
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Centro Colombiano de Investigación en Tuberculosis-CCITB, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Human tuberculosis is a contagious-infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although regimens exist for treating tuberculosis, they are far from ideal. Development of effective strategies for treatment of human tuberculosis has posed a challenge, considering the increase in infections associated with the human immunodeficiency virus and immunocompromised patients. Essential oils -volatile, aromatic oil extracts from plants-have been used in traditional treatment of many diseases; however careful investigation of these oils has not been undertaken with respect to treatments of tuberculosis.
Objective. The in vitro antitubercular activity of essential oils from 11 medicinal plants grown in Colombia were assessed for efficacy as new medications (phytomedicines) for treatment of M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
Material and methods. Essential oil extraction and analysis were performed as described Stashenko et al. (2004). Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by a colorimetric macrodilution method, following the protocol described by Abate et al. (1998). Isoniazide and rifampin were used as control treatments. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity was measured using the method developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute consigned in the M26-A protocol.
Results. Essential oils from Achyrocline alata and Swinglea glutinosa were the most active with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 62.5±0.1 and 100±36 μg ml-1, respectively. Carvacrol, thymol, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, and β-pinene were the major components ,most often identified in the 11 plant extracts of essential oils. Time-kill curve assays demonstrated the bacteriostatic activity of these essential oils.
Conclusions. The essential oils from A. alata and S. glutinosa plants, and the components identified therein, are candidates as potential phytotherapeutic agents for human tuberculosis control.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/41
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/42
2009-12-19T12:04:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Análisis de las mutaciones más frecuentes del gen BRCA1 (185delAG y 5382insC) en mujeres con cáncer de mama en Bucaramanga, Colombia
Sanabria, María Carolina
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Cáncer en Santander, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Muñoz, Gerardo
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Cáncer en Santander, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Vargas, Clara Inés
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Genética Humana, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Introduction. Breast cancer is considered a worldwide public health problem, and, in Santander Province, Colombia, it is the first leading cause of morbidity and mortality by cancer in women. All cancers are considered genetic diseases, and mutations in BRCA (BReast CAncer) genes raises the risk for breast cancer by 60%-80%. The current study searched for the two most frequent BRCA1 mutations reported in the Breast Cancer Core Information database.
Objective. The presence of specific mutations (185delAG, exon 2 and 5382insC, exon 20) was determined for the BRCA1 gene in women with familial/hereditary breast cancer.
Materials and methods. The sample included 30 female patients using the oncology services in Bucaramanga, eastern Colombia; an informed consent, a questionnaire and a blood sample were obtained from each. The molecular analysis was done with PCR-Mismatch, to detect the insertion or eliminatation of a restriction site, and enzymatic digestion methods (HinfI or DdeI).
Results. Two of the most frequent BRCA1 mutations in the international database were not found in the 30 patients studied.
Conclusion. Additional mutation screening techniques are necessary involving the entire BRCA1 gene, are necessary in order to better characterize the molecular epidemiology of breast cancer in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/42
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/43
2009-12-19T12:04:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Flebótomos (Diptera: Psychodidae) del departamento de Guaviare, Colombia, con nuevos registros para el país
Cabrera, Olga Lucía
Grupo de Entomología, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Mosquera, Laureano
Secretaría de Salud del Guaviare, San José del Guaviare, Colombia
Santamaría, Erika
Grupo de Entomología, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Although cases of leishmaniasis have been reported in the province of Guaviare, Colombia, no entomological studies were included to identify the Lutzomyia sand fly vector species in that area.
Objective. Lutzomyia species were identified from four townships of Guaviare. Probable vectors were named based on those species involved in transmission in other areas.
Materials and methods. Sampling was undertaken with CDC light traps suspended at heights between 1.5 m and 9 m. Additional sand flies were collected with Shannon traps and by aspiration of adult flies from daytime resting sites.
Results. Sand flies belonging to 37 different species were collected. 35 of them were recorded for the first time in Guaviare Province. Four species were new records for Colombia: Lutzomyia begonae, L. campbelli, L. sericea and L. nematoducta. The most abundant species were L. hirsuta 24.3% (148/610), L. yuilli 15.2% (93/610), L. davisi 10.3% (63/610), followed by L. fartigi, L. carrerai, L. antunesi, L. flaviscutellata and L. olmeca bicolor.
Conclusion. Seven of these species of have been associated previously with endemic or epidemic transmission of leishmaniasis.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/43
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/44
2009-12-19T12:04:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Efectividad de la vacuna contra influenza: metanálisis de literatura
Moreno, José
Grupo de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
De la Hoz, Fernando
Grupo de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Rico, Alejandro
Grupo de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Cotes, Karol
Grupo de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Porras, Alexandra
Grupo de Epidemiología, Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Seasonal influenza is a disease of great interest in public health due to its high rates of infection and big costs, especially in high-risk population. This situation has motivated studies related to development of control measures necessary to mitigate its impact. Immunization constitutes a key role in providing the necessary interventions; however, little information is available about its effectiveness as public health measure in tropical countries.
Objective. The vaccine effectiveness was evaluated by means of published results in the scientific literature.
Materials and methods. Meta-analysis techniques were used to summarize the results of epidemiological analytical studies. A critical evaluation was undertaken for each study to identify the potential biases and methodological limitations.
Results. Two hundred and fifty-seven relevant studies were located, of which 28 were included in the analysis. The pooled estimator of the vaccine effectiveness for hospitalization was 0.74 [95%CI 0.68-0.81] in older adults (65 years and older) in cases-control studies. For cohort studies, the obtained estimator was 0.80 [95%CI 0.68-0.91].
Conclusion. Other conclusions were analyzed, and in general, a protective effect was demonstrated in the vaccine. About 1,200,000 were involved, 530,000 of them were vaccinated. Geographically, the analyzed studies came from developed countries in Europe, America and Asia.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/44
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/45
2009-12-19T12:04:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Situación de la mortalidad por causas reducibles en menores de cinco años, Colombia, 1985-2004
Lurán, Albenia
Grupo Sociedad y Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
López, Elizabeth
Grupo Sociedad y Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Pinilla, Consuelo
Grupo Sociedad y Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Sierra, Pedro
Grupo Sociedad y Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. The infant-mortality rate in children aged less than five is an indicator of the general state of health of a population and directly reflects the quality of life and the level of socio-economic development of a country.
Objective. Avoidable mortality was assessed in preschool children as a reflection of Colombia quality of life and socio-economic development.
Materials and methods. Mortality trends were analyzed in preschool children aged less than five throughout Colombia during a 20-year period from 1985-2004, and focused on mortality causes that were considered avoidable.This was a descriptive, retrospective study; the sources of information were Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística records of deaths and population projections 1985-2004. Mortality rate due to avoidable causes was the statistical indicator.
Results. In children aged less than one, the reducible mortality due to “early diagnosis and medical treatment” occupied the first place amongst causes for every year of the study period and accounted for more than 50% of recorded deaths. In children aged 1 to 4, the category “other important reducible causes” was associated with 40% of recorded deaths—deaths due mainly to respiratory diseases. Over the 20-year period, the avoidable mortality rate decreased by 34% in children aged less than one, in children 1-4, it decreased by 23%.
Conclusions. Although the infant-mortality rate in preschool children was reduced, the decrease was small, from 80% to 77%. The situation requires more analysis with respect to strategies in public health, particularly concerning preventable diseases of the infancy.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/45
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/46
2009-12-19T12:04:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Asociación de variantes en genes de las proteínas desacoplantes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en una población del nordeste colombiano
Franco-Hincapié, Liliana
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Duque, Constanza Elena
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Parra, María Victoria
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Gallego, Natalia
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Villegas, Alberto
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Ruiz-Linares, Andrés
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. The Galton Laboratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Bedoya, Gabriel
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Introduction. The uncoupling proteins belong to the family of anion transporting proteins which uncouple the ATP production from the mitochondrial respiration, cause proton leakage through the inner mitochondrial membrane, and release energy as heat. Although uncoupling protein function has not been well established, specific polymorphisms in these proteins have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and insulin resistance.
Objective. The association was assessed between the polymorphisms in uncoupling protein genes 1, 2 and 3 genes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods. In a northwestern Colombian population, 545 diabetes cases and 449 controls were investigated for presence of 14 polymorphisms in uncoupling protein genes (3826A/G, ID 45, 2723T/A, 1957G/A, 866G/A, and 55C/T) by PCR and PCR-RFLP. Single associations were evaluated by chi-square test, and bayesian logistic regression analysis was done including as covariates the individual admixture estimates obtained by 54 informative markers for European, African and Amerind ancestry.
Results. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the polymorphisms 3826A (OR=0.78; 95%CI=0.63-0.97; p=0.02) and 55C (OR=1.41; 95%CI=1.04-1.92; p=0.03) and the haplotype D45, 866G, 1957G, 2723T, and 55C (OR=1.26; 95%CI=1.02-1.56; p=0.03) were found. These associations remained after adjustment using individual genetic admixture estimates.
Conclusion. Some alleles of uncoupling protein genes 1, 2 and 3, and their haplotypes confer risk to type 2 diabetes in a northwestern Colombian population.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/46
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/47
2009-12-19T12:04:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Ciclo de vida de Triatoma dimidiata Latreille, 1811 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) en condiciones de laboratorio: producción de ninfas para ensayos biológicos
Reyes, Marlene
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Angulo, Víctor Manuel
Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, CINTROP, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, Colombia
Introduction. Despite the importance of Triatoma dimidiata as a vector of Chagas disease, little is known of its life cycle and the efficient production of these insects for biological tests.
Objective. Life cycle characteristics in the laboratory were described and optimum nutritional conditions were established for the efficient production of nymphs V stage for biological tests.
Materials and methods. We determined the time of development of the nymphal stage under controlled laboratory conditions until reaching the adult stage. In a massive rearing of stage V nymphs, fed and weighted after varying periods of fasting, distributed in weight ranges to obtain the largest proportion of individuals.
Results. The time mean from egg to adult was 269 days, with a wide range of duration (174 to 598 days) and the times required for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th stage development was 33, 37, 41, 61 and 69 days, respectively, with a mortality of 22%. The optimum treatment was 22 days of fasting, in which 76% of the nymphs reached stage V with a weight range from 201 to 300 mg.
Conclusion. Triatoma dimidiata presented development time with broad range for some individuals, possibly due to the irregularity in the food availability. A homogenous weight range was attained with a regime of 22 days of fasting with an optimum production of stage V nymphs.
Production of similarly sized insects facilitate the application of standardized protocols to establish criteria for selecting compounds insecticides used in control programs.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/47
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 1 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/55
2009-12-24T18:03:33Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Diagnóstico preliminar de la molestia sanitaria causada por Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia
Santamaría, Erika
Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Cabrera, Olga Lucía
Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Zipa, Yaneth
Grupo de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Secretaría de Salud de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
Ferro, Cristina
Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Ahumada, Martha Liliana
Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Pardo, Raúl Hernando
Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Grupo de Investigaciones en Entomología, Biología Celular y Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Inhabitants in the western border of Boyacá province have reported high nuisance levels and dermatologic problems caused by the intensely irritating bites of the very small flies of the genus Culicoides.
Objective. A survey was carried out to locate the affected area, identify the anthropophylic Culicoides species and estimate its abundance in Boyacá.
Materials and methods. Nuisance reports and clinical records of dermatologic cases associated with Culicoides bites were requested from health authorities in counties where nuisance reports had been received or which had geographical features apparently favorable for Culicoides infestations. An outdoors entomological survey using human landing catches was undertaken
in areas reporting a pest problem.
Results. Culicoides infestations were confirmed as a serious nuisance problem in the rural areas of nine counties located in the western foothills of the Eastern Range of the Colombian Andes. Although available epidemiological records were fragmented, it was established that in six counties 11.4% of the dermatitis cases (total=2,472 cases) reported between 2003 and 2005 were attributed to the Culicoides bites. The entomological survey identified Culicoides pachymerus as the dominant species, 99.3% of 3,389 caught females. Biting rates in the most intensely affected areas reach a geometric mean of 52 females/person per 5 minutes. Multivariate analysis indicated that abundance of C. pachymerus had a negative relationship with altitude.
Conclusions. Based on its dominance and high biting rates, C. pachymerus is probably the species responsible for the high nuisance levels caused by Culicoides bites and the associated dermatological pathology, within the study area.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/55
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/56
2009-12-24T18:03:33Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Síndrome autoinmune en la paraparesia tropical espástica/ mielopatía asociada a la infección por el virus linfotrópico humano tipo I de la costa pacífica colombiana
García, Felipe
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Domínguez, Martha C.
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Torres, Miyerlandi
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Tamayo, Óscar
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia
Criollo, William
Sección de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Quintana, Milton
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
Sánchez, Adalberto
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Patogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Introduction. Previous reports have given evidence that in tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP)/ human T-lymphotrophic virus (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM), an autoimmune process occurs as part of its pathogenesis.
Objective. The roles of autoimmunity and the molecular mimicry was evaluated in TSP/HAM
patients.
Materials and methods. Plasma samples were characterized from patients in the Pacific coastal region of Colombia. Thirty-seven were identified as TSP/HAM, 10 were diagnosed with adult Tcell leukemia virus, 22 were asymptomatic carriers but seropositive for HTLV-I and 20 were seronegative and served as negative controls. Plasmatic levels of the following were determined: antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels, anticardiolipine-2 (ACL_2), interferon- (IFN-??) and interleukin- 4 (IL-4). Using Western blot, the crossreactivity of the seropositive and seronegative samples was evaluated against proteins extracted from several central nervous system components of non infected Wistar rats. The HTLV-I seropositive plasmas were crossreacted with a monoclonal tax (LT4 anti-taxp40) from spinal cord neurons of non infected Wistar rats.
Results. Of the TSP/HAM patients, 70.2% were reactive against ANA and 83.8% against ACL- 2, in contrast with those ATL and asymptomatic seropositives subjects that were not reactive (P<0.001). Moreover, 70.3% had detectable levels of IFN and 43.2% had detectable IL-4. LT4 anti-taxp40 and plasma of TSP/HAM exhibited cross reactivity with a MW 33-35 kDa protein from the rat spinal cord nuclei. Conclusion. Support was provided for the existence of an autoimmune syndrome mediated by molecular mimicry; the syndrome was responsible for some of the axonal degeneration observed in TSP/HAM patients.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/56
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/57
2009-12-24T18:09:11Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Alta frecuencia de mutaciones puntuales en pfcrt de Plasmodium falciparum y emergencia de nuevos haplotipos mutantes en Colombia
Maestre, Amanda
Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
Maestre, Amanda
Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Studies on the molecular epidemiology of antimalarial resistance constitute a useful tool to understand the events underlying treatment failure and resistance in falciparum malaria in Colombia. Several authors have reported on the efficacy of some molecular markers to predict drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. The P. falciparum pfcrt gene has been widely characterized in this context.
Objective. The frequency of pfcrt gene mutations in P. falciparum were associated with treatment failure to the antimalarials chloroquine, mefloquine, amodiaquine and sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine.
Materials and methods. A representative sample of 172 patients with non-complicated falciparum malaria was selected from two highly malaria-endemic areas of northeastern Colombia, the Turbo and Bajo Cauca regions. These patients were assessed for treatment response together with the status of codons 72, 74, 75 and 76 in the pfcrt gene using a PCRRFLP approach.
Results. A high frequency of treatment failure to chloroquine (82%) and to amodiaquine (29%) was confirmed, whereas mefloquine and combined therapy remained effective. The presence of the T76 mutation in pfcrt was confirmed in all samples. The most common haplotype was CMNT (67%).
Conclusions. No significant association was confirmed between specific haplotypes and the treatment response in any of the treatment groups. Two haplotypes, SMET and SMNT, were reported for the first time in Colombia. Twelve percent of the samples carried both mixed mutant and wild-type alleles.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/57
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/58
2009-12-24T18:03:33Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evolución clínica de pacientes hospitalizados por dengue en una institución de salud de Bucaramanga, Colombia
González, Andrés Leonardo
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander
Martínez, Ruth Aralí
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander
Villar, Luis Ángel
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander
Introduction. Dengue hemorrhagic fever has extended to every tropical and subtropical area of the world, resulting in a half million hospitalizations every year. This disease appears to affect increasing numbers of adolescents and young adults.
Objective. The clinical characteristics were described for adult and pediatric dengue inpatients to establish risk factors associated with bad prognosis.
Materials and methods. A cohort of dengue inpatients of years 2006 and 2007 was evaluated retrospectively at “Clínica Chicamocha”, a high level hospital in Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Results. Of 328 patients evaluated, 165 were female and 163 were male with a median age of 25 years. Dengue hemorrhagic fever was diagnosed in 116 patients, of which 113 were classified grade II. Of the 212 patients with dengue fever, 156 developed signs of plasma leakage, bleeding or thrombocytopenia. A positive serology was indicated in 82.4% of the patients. Inpatients with dengue hemorrhagic fever were younger (20.1 vs. 25.7 years, p<0.0054). Both lowest level of platelets and highest hematocrit were reached at the sixth day of illness. Children presented the typical symptoms of dengue less frequently, but demonstrated a greater proportion of ascites, pleural effusion and bleeding, and a higher risk of developing respiratory distress (RR=3.59, 95%CI 1.3-9.9, p<0.014) and hypotension (RR=10.77, 95%CI 5.56-20.86, p<0.001).
Conclusions. Age was the most determinant factor of severity in dengue inpatients. In addition, a combination of particular symptoms and laboratory data at the day of admission may predict the development of complications.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/58
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/59
2009-12-24T18:03:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Confiabilidad y reproducibilidad de la escala de fototipos de Fitzpatrick antes y después de un ejercicio de estandarización clínica
Sánchez, Guillermo
Oficina de Docencia e Investigación, Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Nova, John
Oficina de Docencia e Investigación, Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Helvetica; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536855809 -1073711037 9 0 511 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> Introduction. The Fitzpatrick phototype scale has been used to determine skin sensitivity to ultraviolet light. The reliability of this scale in estimating sensitivity permits risk evaluation of skin cancer based on phototype.
Objective. Reliability and changes in intra and inter-observer concordance was determined for the Fitzpatrick phototype scale after the assessment methods for establishing the phototype were standardized.
Materials and methods. An analytical study of intra and inter-observer concordance was performed. The Fitzpatrick phototype scale was standardized using focus group methodology. To determine intra and inter-observer agreement, the weighted kappa statistical method was applied. The standardization effect was measured using the equal kappa contrast hypothesis and Wald test for dependent measurements. The phototype scale was applied to 155 patients over 15 years of age who were assessed four times by two independent observers. The sample was drawn from patients of the Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta.
Results. During the pre-standardization phase, the baseline and six-week inter-observer weighted kappa were 0.31 and 0.40, respectively. The intra-observer kappa values for observers A and B were 0.47 and 0.51, respectively. After the standardization process, the baseline and six-week inter-observer weighted kappa values were 0.77, and 0.82, respectively. Intra-observer kappa coefficients for observers A and B were 0.78 and 0.82. Statistically significant differences were found between coefficients before and after standardization (p<0.001) in all comparisons.
Conclusion. Following a standardization exercise, the Fitzpatrick phototype scale yielded reliable, reproducible and consistent results.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/59
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/60
2009-12-24T18:03:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de la concordancia entre dos métodos de lavado broncoalveolar para el diagnóstico microbiológico de la neumonía en pacientes con asistencia respiratoria mecánica
Vélez, Lázaro
Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Antioquia-Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Mede
Loaiza, Natalia
Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Gaviria, Lina María
Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Maya, María Angélica
Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Rueda, Zulma Vanessa
Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Correa, Luz Teresita
Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Ortega, Jorge
Sección de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Antioquia-Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia.
Ortega, Héctor
Sección de Neumología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Antioquia-Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia.
Introduction. Microbiological diagnosis of pneumonia allows the optimal use of antibiotics in mechanically ventilated patients. That is why samples of bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage had been quantitatively cultivated, but this procedure is not always possible.
Objective. To evaluate the microbiological concordance between respiratory samples obtained by non-bronchoscopic protected bronchoalveolar lavage compared to the bronchoscopic ones, and to find out whether concordance was affected by previous use of antibiotics or the time of pneumonia Honest
Materials and methods. Prospective study conducted at Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, in 38 patients with suspected pneumonia in mechanical ventilation. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were taken by two methods, the traditional one and non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage, using a telescoping preformed tip catheter (Balcath®). All samples were processed using conventional microbiologic protocols.
Results. Considering flexible bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage as the gold standard, cultures allowed the identification of at least one respiratory pathogen in 60.5% of cases. Diagnostic agreement was achieved in 82% of patients and 79% of microbiologic isolates. Using the Cohen´s kappa coefficient, general concordance between both methods was 0.76 [0.60-0.93]; but in those who received previously antibiotics was 0.26 [0.05-0.48], versus 1.0 in those who did not (p<0.0001). Concordance did not differ significantly when cases of early or late pneumonia were compared.
Conclusions. Concordance between non-bronchoscopic and bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage is good in mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia. However, the use of antibiotics previously, but not the time of pneumonia presentation, significantly decreases that concordance.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/60
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/61
2009-12-24T18:03:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Distribución parcial de Paragonimus (Digenea: Troglotrematidae) en Antioquia, por presencia de metacercarias en cangrejos dulciacuícolas
Velásquez, Luz Elena
Grupo Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales/PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Uruburu, Mónica
Grupo Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales/PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Granada, Mabel
Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales/PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Paragonimosis or lung fluke disease courses with signs similar to those seen in tuberculosis. The causative agent is a parasite of the genus Paragonimus (Digenea: Troglotrematidae). People become infected by ingesting raw or partially cooked crabs containing metacercariae. The first focus of human paragonimosis in Colombia was recorded in the county of Urrao, where two species of crabs infected with Paragonimus were found. In 2005, crabs with Paragonimus’ metacercariae were captured near Medellín, western Colombia. This prompted a search for the parasite in other locations through its presence in the crabs.
Objective. To establish the distribution of Paragonimus in Antioquia, we evaluated the presence of metacercaria in freshwater brachyuran crabs.
Materials and methods. From 2005 to 2007, crabs were captured in 13 counties of Antioquia. The crabs were relaxed and dissected to determine presence of trematodes and then to make the taxonomic identifications.
Results. From 52 crabs captured in 9 counties, 42 (80.8%) were found with Paragonimus metacercariae. The crabs were identified as Pseudothelphusidae in 2 genera—Hypolobocera and Strengeriana— and were assigned to four species. Three of the species were recorded for the first time as hosts of Paragonimus.
Conclusions. A Paragonimus’ distribution map was constructed for Antioquia; for the first time urban zones were included. Because of the high rate of infection, the handling and consumption of raw and poorly cooked crabs pose risk factors for human infection. Because crabs are affordable and provide means of easy diagnosis, crabs are targeted as primary agents of and diagnostic tools for paragonmosis.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/61
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/62
2009-12-24T18:03:34Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Análisis de ADN mitocondrial en una muestra de restos óseos arcaicos del periodo Herrera en la sabana de Bogotá
Silva, Alejandro
Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Briceño, Ignacio
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia
Burgos, Javier
Instituto de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Torres, Diana
Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Villegas, Victoria
Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Gómez, Alberto
Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Bernal, Jaime Eduardo
Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/62
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 4 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/71
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Vigilancia de la resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos antituberculosos, Colombia 2004-2005
Garzón, María Consuelo
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. Colombia
Angée, Dailyn Yorledy
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. Colombia
Llerena, Claudia
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. Colombia
Orjuela, Dora Leticia
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C. Colombia
Victoria, Jorge Ernesto
Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Representación Colombia
Introduction. Tuberculosis is an important cause of disease and death worldwide. An estimated 8.8 million new cases occurred in 2005 with 1.6 million deaths, including 195,000 among HIV infected people. According to World Health Organization, the incidence rate was stable or in decline worldwide; however, the total number of new cases rose due to regional increases. Anti-TB drug resistance is a significant public health problem and an obstacle for its control worldwide. Therefore, measures must be taken for the adequate management of patients and the adoption of strategies to prevent TB dissemination.
Objective. The prevalence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined in untreated cases and in previously treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Colombia.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs in 1,189 untreated cases or previously treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis between the years 2004 and 2005. Cultures were collected throughout the country for this one-year period. Drug susceptibility of the isolates was tested by the simplified variant of the Cannetti, Risk and Grooset multiple proportions technique.
Results. The global resistance rate of 925 untreated patients was 11.8% (95% CI: 9-14%) and the rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 2.4% (95% CI: 1.6-3.6%). Among 264 previously treated patients, the rate of global resistance was 44.3% (95% CI: 38-50%) and that of multidrug resistance was 31.4% (95%CI: 26-37%).
Conclusions. When compared to previous studies, these data show that there has not been a significant increase in drug resistance. The findings indicate that the current treatment scheme provided by the National Tuberculosis Program is adequate.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/71
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/72
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de conocimientos y prácticas sobre la leishmaniasis tegumentaria en un área endémica de Venezuela
Nieves, Elsa
Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, La Hechicera, Mérida, Venezuela
Villarreal, Néstor
Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, La Hechicera, Mérida, Venezuela
Rondón, Maritza
Laboratorio de Parasitología Experimental, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, La Hechicera, Mérida, Venezuela
Sánchez, Mireya
Escuela Bolivariana Juan XXIII, Pan de Azúcar, Ejido, Mérida, Venezuela
Carrero, José
Servicio de Dermatología de Tovar, Módulo Las Acacias, Tovar, Mérida, Venezuela
Introduction. Leishmaniases constitutes a serious public health problem in many parts of the Americas. However, the populations exposed to leishmaniasis lack information about this disease. For this reason, educational assessments and interventions were deemed necessary to contribute to a greater impact of control measures.
Objective. The level of knowledge and practices was evaluated for tegumentary leishmaniasis and the phlebotomine sand fly vector species.
Materials and Methods. Between September 2006 and July 2007, a survey was conducted on epidemiological aspects, prevention, and control of leishmaniasis in two endemic communities—Bolero Alto and Bajo, in the municipality of Pinto Salina, Mérida state, Venezuela. It was administered to persons 7 years of age, in randomly selected houses. Collections of sand fly vectors were made indoors and around the houses.
Results. Approximately 68% of the population showed a level of knowledge on leishmaniasis considered as insufficient. The lowest level of knowledge found was on matters related to leishmaniasis transmission and prevention. Seven epidemiologically important Lutzomyia species were identified: L. youngi, L. ovallesi, L. gomezi, L. walkeri, L. panamensis, L. punctigeniculata and L. venezuelensis. The predominant species in both communities were L. youngi and L. ovallesi, constituting 55% and 24%, respectively, of the totals.
Conclusions. The residents of the endemic communities studied had a low level of knowledge about leishmaniasis. This must be considered in the development of educational alternatives that complement control programs. A particular focus on the prevention of insect bites is recommended.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/72
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/73
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Reproducibilidad y validez convergente de la Escala Abreviada del Desarrollo y una traducción al español del instrumento Neurosensory Motor Development Assessment
Hormiga, Claudia Milena
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Camargo, Diana Marina
Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Orozco, Luis Carlos
Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Institución a la que debe atribuirse el trabajo: Universidad Industrial de Santander
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/73
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/74
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
De genotipos e isonimias: análisis de correlación entre el apellido y el patrimonio genético heredado en el cromosoma Y en la población de tres departamentos del suroccidente colombiano
Gómez, Alberto
Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Ávila, Sandra J.
Grupo de Genética Forense, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Briceño, Ignacio
Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. In Colombia, surnames are characters usually passed to the children by the father, and they have been compared to neutral alleles associated with the Y-chromosome. Objective. Population frequencies were determined for 17 short tandem repeats (STR) DNA markers on the Y-chromosome to compare the two identity codes and define the correlation between haplotypes and surnames in each individual. Materials and methods. DNA was extracted from blood samples from 308 male individuals in provinces of Valle del Cauca, Cauca and Nariño, all in southwestern Colombia. Sample DNA was analyzed with the commercial kit AmpFLSTR® YfilerTM (Applied Biosystems) and examined for the following 17 Y-chromosome STR markers: DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y-GATA-H4. The frequencies of molecular haplotypes were associated with the surname reported by each individual, and a correlation table was constructed. Amerindian and European surnames were associated with the presence of allele DYS19/13, a characteristic of Amerindian populations. Results. Allele frequencies were reported for each of the 17 STR markers in the southwestern region of Colombia-high genetic and haplotypic diversities were obtained. Approximately 40% of lineage inconsistencies were found when the molecular genotype was compared with the European or Amerindian surnames. Conclusions. Surnames must be used as population markers with reservation. The genetic evidence indicates that traditional genealogies based on surnames with or without documental support, may be inconsistant with their biological provenance.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/74
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/75
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Discriminación por morfometría geométrica de once especies de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) presentes en Colombia
Jaramillo, Nicolás
Grupo de Chagas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Calle, David Alonso
Grupo de Chagas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Quiñones, Martha Lucía
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia
Erazo, Holmes Francisco
Departamento Administrativo de Salud de Putumayo, Mocoa, Colombia
Introduction. The correct identification of the Anopheles species of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus is important because this subgenus includes the main malaria vectors in Colombia. This information is necessary for focusing a malaria control program.
Objective. Geometric morphometrics were used to evaluate morphometric variation of 11 species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus present in Colombia and to distinguish females of each species.
Materials and methods. The specimens were obtained from series and family broods from females collected with protected human hosts as attractants. The field collected specimens and their progeny were identified at each of the associated stages by conventional keys. For some species, wild females were used. Landmarks were selected on wings from digital pictures from 336 individuals, and digitized with coordinates. The coordinate matrix was processed by generalized Procrustes analysis which generated size and shape variables, free of non-biological variation. Size and shape variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics.
Results. The subdivision of subgenus Nyssorhynchus in sections is not correlated with wing shape. Discriminant analyses correctly classified 97% of females in the section Albimanus and 86% in the section Argyritarsis. In addition, these methodologies allowed the correct identification of 3 sympatric species from Putumayo which have been difficult to identify in the adult female stage.
Conclusion. The geometric morphometrics were demonstrated to be a very useful tool as an adjunct to taxonomy of females the use of this method is recommended in studies of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus in Colombia
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/75
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/76
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Actividad física autorreportada, comparación con indicadores antropométricos de grasa corporal en un grupo de escolares de Bogotá y de cinco departamentos del centro-oriente, Colombia 2000-2002
Poveda, Elpidia
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Grupo de Nutrición, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Giraldo, Diana
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Grupo de Nutrición, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Forero, Yibby
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Grupo de Nutrición, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Mendivil, Carlos
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Grupo de Nutrición, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Obesity is a public health problem associated with physical inactivity.
Objective. Autoreported physical activity was related with anthropometric indicators of body fat in a group of school children.
Materials and methods. The descriptive, cross-sectional study that included 1,593 children aged 10 to 14 years from Bogotá and five provinces of central and eastern Colombia. Body weight, height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold were measured. Data on leisure time physical activity and type of activity were obtained by interview of each participant.
Results. The proportion of children reporting no leisure time physical activity was high (19% in Bogotá, 28% in the central-eastern areas). Low physical activity was characteristically higher in girls and associated with public schools (in contrast with private schools). Physical activity was not associated with anthropometric indicators.
Conclusions. The lack of association between physical activity and body adiposity may be due to the method of inquiry where the physical activity being reported was insufficient to induce changes in body composition. Additional studies are necessary that evaluate in greater detail the frequency, intensity and duration of physical activity to provide more definitive conclusions. However, the higher prevalence of inactivity in girls and the differences by type school constitute causes for concern.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/76
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/77
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Estudio de foco de paragonimosis en Fuente Clara, Robledo, área periurbana de Medellín, Antioquia
Velásquez, Luz Elena
Grupo Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales/PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Gómez, Catalina
Grupo Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales/PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Valencia, Erika
Grupo Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales/PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Salazar, Laura
Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales/PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Casas, Eudoro
Grupo Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Human paragonimosis in Colombia was assumed to be restricted to the sylvatic areas. However, in 2005, crabs infected with Paragonimus were found in Fuente Clara, an urban sector in Medellín.
Objective. A study was designed to understand the ecoepidemiology of paragonimosis. Programs were initiated to educate the community in the suitable use of wetland ecosystems.
Materials and methods. Infection rates of Paragonimus in human and wild hosts was documented in the Fuente Clara sector. The presence of larvae and digenic adult worms was detected in mollusks (1,312), crabs (27) and mammals (4). Sputum diagnosis was performed on samples from 18 volunteer individuals. The following determinants of water quality were measured in the stream “La Puerta”: total fecal/coliform, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen were measured. Recreational workshops were conducted with children and teenagers for educational purposes.
Results. The percentage of infections found in hosts was as follows: snails, 0.07%; crabs, 55.5%; (wild) mammals, 25%; humans, 0%. During the workshops, children and teenagers identified the Paragonimus hosts and the risk factors for acquiring the disease. The water of the stream was found to be unsuitable for consumption and recreation (the most probable number of total coliforms/100 ml was in a scale of 104).
Conclusions. Fuente Clara is the first urban locality in Colombia where a focus of Paragonimus was found. Exposure to and consumption of crabs may constitute a risk for human infection
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/77
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/78
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Validación por hidrodensitometría de ecuaciones de pliegues cutáneos utilizadas para estimar la composición corporal en mujeres
Aristizábal, Juan Carlos
Departamento de Formación Académica, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Restrepo, María Teresa
Departamento de Formación Académica, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
López, Amalia
Departamento de Formación Académica, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Skinfold thickness equations are widely used for body composition assessment. However the equations have not been validated in Colombia with a reference method. Objective. The skinfold thickness equations of Durning/Womersley, Jackson/Pollock and Ramírez/Torun were validated by hydrodensitometry in female from 18 to 40 years old. Materials and methods. The percentage of body fat was compared among 52 women, using underwater weighing (Chatillon scale) with simultaneous measured of residual lung volume (VMAX 22 Sensormedics spirometer) and skinfold thickness (Harpenden caliper) equations of Durning/Womersley, Jackson/Pollock and Ramírez/Torun. The statistic analysis included paired t test, Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients, and the Bland-Altman method. Results. The mean percentage of body fat by hydrodensitometry (29.6±5.8%) was different (p Conclusion. The skinfold thickness equations showed poor validity for body fat assessment. The equations had significant differences and lower correlation coefficients with hydrodensitometry. In addition, the equations indicated agreement with hydrodensitometry over very wide limits. The outcomes suggested that the results obtained by hydrodensitometry were neither comparable nor interchangeable with those from Durning/Womersley, Jackson/Pollock y Ramírez/Torun skinfold thickness equations.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/78
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/79
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Efectos de las causas de mortalidad adulta en la esperanza de vida, entre 1985 y 1999, según regiones colombianas
López, Elizabeth
Grupo Sociedad y Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Arce, Patricia
Área de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. When determining some populations state of health, an understanding of the causes of mortality is essential. Objectives. Changes in mortality due to causes was established to determine their contribution to the life-expectancy by gender and region of the Colombian population aged 15 to 74, between 1985 and 1999, by gender and region. Materials and methods. This was a descriptive, retrospective study; the sources of information were records of deaths from 1983 to 2001 and population projections according to Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. The age selected as a sample population was 15 to 74. Changes in mortality were measured by using Eduardo Arriagas methodology, which is based on calculating temporary life-expectancy, absolute and relative change indices, and how changes in mortality due to cause of death contribute to life-expectancy. Results. The main cause of reduced temporary life-expectancy in both genders was the increase in deaths by suicide, homicide and other violent causes (the reduction was greater for men than women in all regions studied). The greatest positive contribution to longevity was by the reduction in circulatory system diseases and accidents. Conclusions. A minimal gain in temporary life-expectancy was achieved as the positive affect of reduced mortality due to natural causes. This gain was annulled by the negative contributions of increased mortality due to suicide, homicide and other violent avoidable acts.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/79
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/80
2016-11-22T10:33:02Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080901 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
El análisis molecular y el inmunogénico sugieren la ausencia de las proteínas hidrofílicas de superficie en Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis
Marín, Marcel
Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Aguilar, Yudy Alexandra
Grupo Investigador de Problemas en Enfermedades Infecciosas (GRIPE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Ramírez, José Robinson
Grupo de Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Triana, Omar
Grupo de Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Muskus, Carlos Enrique
Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. The genus Leishmania is divided into two subgenera: Leishmania and Viannia. The two subgenera present several important differences such as the pathology they cause in susceptible hosts, their in vitro growth behavior, their genetic characteristics, and the expression pattern of several proteins, including those of the hydrophilic surface protein family. Objective. To characterize the hydrophilic surface protein family in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis. Materials and methods. The hasp genes were amplified in L. (V.) panamensis, using specific primers previously designed to amplify this gene in Leishmania (Leishmania) major. The PCR products were cloned, sequenced, and the sequences analyzed using common bioinformatics tools. Secondly, a serological screening was undertaken with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot to detect specific antibodies against the hydrophilic surface recombinant protein from L. (L.) major. Results. A copy of a pseudogene was amplified in L. (V.) panamensis which was 60% homologous with the L. (L.) major orthologous gene. Antibodies responded to the hydrophilic surface recombinant proteins only in sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis [Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi]. Conclusión. These results suggest the lack of a functional hasp gene in L. (V.) panamensis, suggesting probably the loss of the complete gene family in this species of the Viannia subgenus.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-09-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/80
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 3 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/91
2010-01-26T13:31:03Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Gametocitemia en malaria por Plasmodium falciparum tratada con amodiaquina o artesunato
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
Grupo Salud y Comunidad, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Arango, Eliana
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Blair, Silvia
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Antimalarial treatment effects on Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia has been the focus of few studies in the Americas.
Objective. Relationships are described that occur between falciparum gametocytemia and the treatment with amodiaquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine or amodiaquine-artesunate.
Materials and methods. The experimental design consisted of a randomized selection of patients not balanced or blinded. A total of 241 patients were evaluated, residents of Turbo, El Bagre and Zaragoza (Antioquia, Colombia).The follow up occurred 21-28 days after antimalarial treatment. The World Health Organization (1998) protocol was used.
Results. The therapeutic efficacy of amodiaquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine-artesunate were equal at day 21 of the follow up. Four cases (1.7%) were therapeutic failures. Amodiaquine-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was less effective than the artesunate treatments in reducing the gametocyte load. On day 7, none of the three traetments had eliminated completely the gametocytes. Most patients (56.0%) were observed not to have circulating gametocytes pre-treatment and did not develop them later.
Conclusion. The three treatment schemes were similar in their therapeutic efficacy and in their incapacity to eliminate gametocytes at day seven.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/91
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/92
2010-01-26T13:38:43Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Susceptibilidad in vitro de aislamientos colombianos de Plasmodium falciparum a diferentes antipalúdicos
Blair, Silvia
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Arango, Eliana
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Carmona Fonseca, Jaime
Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. The in vitro assays for susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs are important tools for monitoring drug resistance, however few such studies have been undertaken in Colombia.
Objective. P. falciparum isolates were obtained from several municipalities in western Colombia (Urabá, Bajo Cauca, Pacific Coast) and characterized for their in vivo susceptibility to chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AQ), mefloquine (MQ), quinine (QN) and artesunate (AS).
Material and methods. Patients with only P. falciparum infection (parasitemia=1,000 rings/µl) were included. Each antimalaria drug was tested with 7 dilutions, two-fold doses, with 2 replications and its effect evaluated using the histidine-rich protein (HRP-2) antigen detection method. Controls included FCB2 (chloroquine-resistant) and NF54 (chloroquine-sensitive) strains. IC50>100, 80, 64, 500 and 10.5 nM were used as the threshold criteria of resistance to CQ, AQ, MQ, QN and AS, respectively.
Results. Twenty-five isolates were evaluated from Urabá (18), Bajo Cauca (2) and the Pacific Coast (5). The mean IC50 obtained with CQ, AQ, MQ, QN and AS were 422.9; 131.4; 56.3; 269.7 and 1.9 nM, respectively, and the number of resistant isolates for these drugs was 19 (76%), 4 (16%), 8 (32%), 6 (24%) and 1 (4%), respectively.
Conclusions. The low sensitivity to CQ found here agrees with both in vitro and in vivo studies in Colombia. Ninety-six percent of the isolates were sensitive to AS. However, this study and previous reports have found isolates with low sensitivity to artemisinines (IC50>10.5 nM). This suggests that the indiscriminate use of these drugs put their efficacy at risk and eventually leave no options for falciparum malaria treatment.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/92
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/93
2010-01-26T13:51:29Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación del triflumurón y la mezcla de Bacillus thuringiensis más Bacillus sphaericus para el control de las formas inmaduras de Aedes aegypti y Culex quinquefasciatus en sumideros en Cali, Colombia
Ocampo, Clara Beatriz
Unidad de Entomología Médica, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
Giraldo Calderon, Gloria I.
Unidad de Entomología Médica, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia. Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
Perez, Mauricio
Unidad de Entomología Médica, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia.
Morales, Carlos A.
Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali, Cali, Colombia
Introduction. In Cali, Colombia, catch basins (streetside storm drains) are one of the main larval habitats of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Since 1999, these mosquitoes have been controlled by the Secretaría de Salud Municipal (Secretary of Municipal Public Health) using the larvicide triflumuron. Because of high densities of these mosquitoes that remain in the city, treatment failure was suspected -possibly insecticide resistance of the target species.
Objectives. The efficacy of triflumuron and VectoMax® (biorational mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis plus Bacillus sphaericus) were evaluated in the control of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus in catch basins. The residual effect of a single application of the biorational formulation was determined in catch basins during periods of high and low rainfall.
Materials and methods. The efficacy of the products was measured in 60 catch basins located in a residential neighborhood of Cali for a period of 90 days. The mean number of immature.
Control de estadios inmaduros de mosquitos en sumideros instars ( A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae of both species) was determined biweekly from 40 catch basins with insecticide intervention (20 treated with triflumuron, 20 with VectoMax®) and 20 untreated (control group). The residual effect of the biorational larvicide was evaluated biweekly in 10 catch basins during each of the 2 climatic periods.
Results. The catch basins treated with VectoMax® presented a significantly lower mean number of immature instars of both species compared with the control ( p<0.01). In contrast, the triflumuron treatment significantly reduced only immature instars of A. aegypti compared with the control ( p<0.001). The residual effect of VectoMax® was higher during low rainfall compared to the control ( p<0.001).
Conclusion. The biorational formulation was the more effective treatment for the control of both species during the period of evaluation (15 days).
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/93
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/94
2010-01-26T13:58:56Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) en el caserío de Chingalé, Santander, donde se registró un caso humano de encefalitis equina venezolana
Ferro, María Cristina
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
Olano, Victor Alberto
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
Ahumada, Martha
Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
Weaver, Scott
Department of Pathology and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
Introduction. The enzootic focus of subtype ID of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus in the Central Magdalena region (central Colombia) occasionally produces human cases. The report of a VEE infection in a three-year-old girl in the small village of Chingalé, municipality of Puerto Wilches, Santander, motivated this study.
Objective. The village of Chingalé was evaluated as the probable site of infection.
Materials and methods. In June 2005, mosquitoes were collected with CDC light traps in and outside of dwellings in the village. Trinidad traps were placed in nearby vegetation, and hamsters were used as sentinel animals near homes.
Results. One hundred and seven samples, consisting of 14,423 mosquitoes of 35 species were collected. The relative abundance of incriminated vectors of subtype ID of VEE, Culex (Melanoconion) pedroi and Cx. (Mel.) ocossa, was generally low (<4%), but both species were more frequent outside of dwellings than indoors. Cx. (Mel.) ocossa was collected in CDC traps and was more frequent indoors,whereas Cx. (Mel.) pedroi was found in the Trinidad traps. In addition, Psorophora confinnis was present, recognized as a potential vector of the epidemo/epizootic subtype. Mansonia indubitans, another recognized vector, was present at high frequency within dwellings. The exposed hamsters did not become infected.
Conclusion. The child may have been infected in or near her home, although the epidemiologic cycle of the virus was not demonstrated within the village of Chingalé. Possibly, infected Culex mosquitoes of the subgenus Melanoconion carried the virus into the village from a neighboring habitat.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/94
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/95
2010-01-26T14:05:22Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Prevalencia y factores asociados a la pediculosis en niños de un jardín infantil de Bogotá
Moncada, Ligia Inés
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Rios, Sandra Milena
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Fernández, Julián Alfredo
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Rivas, Fabio
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Sáenz, María Luz
Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Introduction.Pediculosis is one of the most important chronic infestations in schoolchildren worldwide. Infestations show a high prevalence among the poorest children in developing countries, and it is associated with substandard hygienic practices.
Objective.The prevalence was estimated and seasonality described of a Pediculus infestation of seven months duration in a nursery school. Associations were explored among the standards of hygienic practices and hair characteristics.
Materials and methods.One hundred and seventy-eight nursery school children between the ages of 3 months to 5 years, from the nursery school located at National University of Colombia, Bogotá, were participants in the study. The children were examined for presence of Pediculus humanus infestation each month for seven months. The lengths and thicknesses of hair were measured at the first examination. A survey requesting information on socioeconomic and hygienic practices was provided to the caretakers of the children. Prevalence rates with 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each explored association, and also to describe the differences of prevalences between age groups in each period.
Results.The highest prevalence was found in the children between the ages of 4 and 5 years, at the beginning of the school year. A positive association was indicated between Pediculus infestation and hair longer than 11.5 cm [prevalence rate (PR)=2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-4.8], washing the hair less than three times a week (PR=1.58; 95%CI: 0.58-4.7), as well as sharing cleaning implements (PR=1.31; 95%CI: 38-4.46) and living with more than five people at home (PR=2.04; 95%CI: 0.8-5.06). Due to the limited size of the sample, none of the associations found were statistically significant.
Conclusion.Pediculus infestation has a high prevalence in children of the nursery school studied. This infestation is associated with substandard hygienic practices, living with more than five people at home and the length of hair.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/95
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/96
2010-01-26T14:12:01Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Concordancia entre gota gruesa, inmunocromatografía y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para el diagnóstico de malaria
Montoya, Astrid Elena
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-CES, Sabaneta, Colombia
Menco, José
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-CES, Sabaneta, Colombia
Osorio, Natalia
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Zuluaga, Maria Alejandra
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Duque, Juliana
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
Torres, Giovanny
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-CES, Sabaneta, Colombia
Restrepo, Marcos
Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-CES, Sabaneta, Colombia
Introduction. The rapid and effective diagnosis of malaria is the determining condition for an appropriate treatment and control of the disease.
Objective. The sensitivity, specificity and the positive and negative predictive values were evaluated in cases of suspected malaria in Colombia in a comparison of a rapid diagnostic test. the PCR test and the thick blood smear-the traditional gold standard.
Materials and methods. A group of 100 patients with symptoms compatible with malaria, were included in the study. They were selected from the following Colombian regions: Urabá, Córdoba, lower Cauca, and relatively fewer from other malaria endemic areas of Colombia including the provinces of Valle, Chocó in the central west of Colombia and Vichada to the east. To each patient the following three tests were performed: the rapid OptiMAL® test, the PCR identification and the thick blood smear. The PCR amplified specific DNA sequences with primers designed to identify the genus Plasmodium, and the two species present in Colombia, P. falciparum and P. vivax.
Results. The sensitivity of the rapid test versus the thick smear, for the diagnosis of both species of Plasmodium was 93.9% (95% CI: 87-100%) and the specificity was 94.3% (95% CI:.253 85-100%). The PCR compared with the thick smear showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 99-100%) and a specificity of 97.1% (95% CI: 90-100%).
Conclusions. The sensitivity and specificity of the three tests did not present statistically significant differences. However, the thick blood smear was recommended as the standard test, mainly due to its low cost.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/96
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/97
2010-01-26T14:29:49Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Caracterización de la cadena CD3 épsilon en el primate del nuevo mundo Aotus nancymaae
Vernot, Jean Paul
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
del Castillo, Hernando
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Introduction. The T-cell receptor (TCR)-associated complex, CD3 (d, g, e) and z-chains are essential transmembrane proteins for signal transduction during T cell activation and immune response, as well as during thymocyte development.
Objective. This work established the CD3ε-chain primary structure for the New World owl monkey Aotus nancymaae.
Materials and methods. Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CD3ε molecule was amplified, cloned and sequenced.
Results. The CD3ε amino acid sequence was deduced for the owl monkey Aotus nancymaae.
It has an identity for nucleotide and amino acid sequences with the human counterpart of 84% and 76%, respectively. As described in other species, the Aotus CD3-e molecule is very variable in the extracellular region and greatly conserved in the intracellular domain. Even though high variability occurs in the CD3ε-extracellular domain, the subregions involved in ectodomain folding are conserved.
Conclusions. The primary structure suggested that the Aotus protein has a functional role similar to that of humans, and that the initial T-cell activation steps are also similar. However, the great variation observed in CD3ε-extracellular region in humans in contrast to the Aotus (especially in areas that are surface-exposed) indicated that some monoclonal antibodies against the human CD3 complex will not recognize these Aotus determinants.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/97
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/98
2010-01-26T14:37:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Prevalencia de anormalidades de células epiteliales y factores asociados en mujeres de un municipio rural colombiano
Arbeláez, María Patricia
Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Grisales, Hugo
Grupo Demografía y Salud, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Vanegas, Ángela Patricia
Grupo Infección y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. 3 Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Gaviria, Ángela M.
Grupo Infección y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Escuela de Bacteriología, Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Castaño, Jorge
Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Mora, Martín Alonso
Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Pueblorrico, Colombia
Borrero, Mauricio
Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Rojas, Carlos
Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Sanchez, Gloria I.
Grupo Infección y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. In spite of implementation of cytology-based cervical cancer screening in Colombia, mortality rates remain stable. The description of factors associated to cervical pre-neoplasic lesions is needed to establish strategies for mortality prevention.
Objective. The prevalence of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities was determined to explore the association of cytology abnormalities with described risk factors.
Materials and methods. This population-based, cross-sectional study included 739 women randomly selected by age. A validated face-to-face questionnaire and conventional cervical cytology were used to collect the information. To establish the association between cervical abnormalities and some qualitative variables, the independent chi squared test was used. We also calculated prevalence ratio with their 95% confidence intervals. A logistic regression model was used to explore variables that potentially explain cytology abnormalities.
Results. The prevalence of squamous cell abnormality was 15.8%. Among women with abnormal cytology, 10% presented atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 3.9% low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion and 1.9% high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion. The adjusted logistical regression analysis showed that history of sexual transmitted disease, two or more sexual partners during entire life and previous abnormal cytology were associated with cytology abnormalities.
Conclusion. The relation of epithelial squamous cell abnormalities with sexual behavior history reflexes the link between human papiloma virus infection and cervical cancer pre-neoplasic lesions. The frequency of use and knowledge about the purpose of cytology were factors that suggested other diagnostic limitations such as quality of cervical cytology or barriers to access health care. These latter factors may be the underlying basis for the high cervical cancer mortality rates.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/98
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/99
2010-01-26T14:43:56Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Perfiles de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas en aislamientos clínicos de cocos Gram positivos provenientes de hospitales colombianos, 1994-2004
Arias, César A.
Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
Hidalgo, Marylin
Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Reyes, Jinnethe
Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Cárdenas, Ana María
Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Díaz, Lorena
Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Ríncon, Sandra
Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Vanegas, Natasha
Instituto de Genética Molecular Bacteriana, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Díaz, Paula Lucía
Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Castañeda, Elizabeth
Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Introduction. Fluoroquinolones are broad spectrum antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of infections.
Objective. Resistance profiles of coccus bacteria to fluoroquinolones were evaluated in isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci and Enterococcus spp. The samples were recovered from Colombian hospitals between 1994 and 2004.
Materials and methods. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin was determined in 270 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae, 348 of S. aureus, 176 of coagulase negative staphylococci and 123 of coagulase-negative enterococci. The minimal inhibitory concentration of levofloxacin was also determined in all isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. An agar diffusion susceptibility test with disks of levofloxacin and ofloxacin was also applied to all isolates of S. pneumoniae.
Results. A total of 269 (99.6%) isolates of S. pneumoniae were susceptible to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin. For levofloxacin and ofloxacin, resistance in S. pneumoniae was found in 1.5% and 8.9% of isolates, respectively. The ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration was >4 µg/ml in 15.9% of pneumococcal isolates. The rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in the 348 S. aureus isolates were 55.4%, 54.9% and 52.6%, respectively; increasing to 92.3%, 91.3% and 87.5%, respectively in methicillin resistant isolates. Resistance to levofloxacin was found in 91.8% of MRSA isolates. The rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in coagulase negative staphylococci and vancomycin-susceptible enterococci were between 25.6% and 31.8%. All vancomycin-resistant enterococci were resistant to all fluroquinolones tested.
Conclusion. The newer fluoroquinolones have maintained effective activity against clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae. The rates of fluoroquinolone resistance in S. aureus were very high, particularly in methicillin resistant isolates (approaching 100%).
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-06-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/99
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 2 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/106
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Consumo problemático de alcohol en Bucaramanga, Colombia: diseño y validación de una prueba
Herrán, Oscar Fernando
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Industrial de Santander. Observatorio Epidemiológico de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Ardila, María F.
Observatorio Epidemiológico de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Barba, Diana M.
Observatorio Epidemiológico de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Introduction. Excessive alcohol intake can pose a serious problem in public health. The development of instruments to classify the consumers correctly is the first stage in the epidemiologic investigation.
Objective. The internal validity and the reliability was evaluated for a test of problematic alcohol consumption (CP-alcohol) in Bucaramanga, Colombia. 2005-2006. This work provides a measure that is internally consistent and improved reliability of diagnostic technology.
Materials and methods. Six hundred one subjects between 18 and 60 years participated in the test for CP-alcohol on two occasions. At the same time, a survey on biological variables (VB), socioeconomic (VSE) and dietary (D) was administered. The internal consistency of CP-alcohol was evaluated by calculating the coefficient alpha of Cronbach, and the reliability with coefficients of Spearman and Cohens Kappa. To evaluate the associations among problematic consumption, VB, VSE, D and the risk of alcoholism, the prevalence ratios were calculated using binomial regression.
Results. The frequency of problematic alcohol consumption was of 46.9 (CI 42.9-50.9). Men presented an increased frequency of problematic alcohol use 1.6 times that of women (p<0.001). The coefficient alpha of Cronbach was moderate for all the questions of the test (minimum 0.41, maximum 0.61). In the first application of CP-alcohol, Cronbachs alpha was 0.63, and, in the second, 0.49. Spearmans correlation coefficient was of 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90) for the population-for men 0.86 (CI 0.82-0.90) and for women 0.86 (CI 0.82-0.90). The Kappas obtained were very good, 0.70 to 0.89. Sex, pleasure provided by alcoholic drinks , risk of alcoholism according to Cut Down on Drinking, Annoyed by Criticism, Guilty Feeling, and Eye Opener (CAGE) and the quantity of consumed alcohol were all correlated with problematic consumption.
Conclusion. CP-alcohol is a useful test for investigating the epidemiology of health problems associated with alcohol use.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/106
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/107
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares de cinco departamentos de la región oriental en Colombia
Villarreal, Elsa
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Forero, Yibby
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Poveda, Elpidia
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Baracaldo, César
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
López, Elizabeth
Grupo Sociedad y Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Cardiovascular disease is a public health problem globally; it represents the second cause of mortality in Colombia. This highlights the importance of identifying risk markers from the time of childhood, in order to diminish mortality rates proactively.
Objectives. The lipid profile, homocysteine and C reactive protein plasma concentrations were determined in order to identify relationships between these markers and age, sex and school type. Materials and methods. A descriptive study was undertaken in 600 schoolchildren, aged 5 to 14, where the lipid profile, and the plasmatic concentrations of homocysteine and C-reactive protein were evaluated.
Results. Higher average levels of total cholesterol, low density cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in females (p<0.05) as compared with males. The prevalences of high lipid were higher in females than in males-7.9% vs. 3.0% for total cholesterol; 11.6% vs. 4.7%for low density cholesterol and 6.9% vs. 5.7% for triglycerides. Children in private schools had higher levels of lipid than those in public ones (p<0.05).The prevalence of homocysteine levels above 6.3 µmol/L was higher (64.3%) in males than in females (56.1%). No statistically significant differences with respect to sex, age or type of school were observed when comparing the prevalence of high levels C-reactive proteins.
Conclusions. The prevalence of high lipid profile levels in female schoolchildren suggested a policy of adopting intervention measures at an early age. Other factors require further investigation, such as the homocysteine levels observed in males and the C protein levels in order to detect their contribution to cardiovascular disease.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/107
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/108
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Glucemia y concentraciones de insulina en sangre de ratas Wistar sometidas a dieta alta en grasa y a tratamiento con péptidos miméticos de leptina
Poveda, Elpidia
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Trujillo, Pilar
Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Ruiz, Francisco
Bioterio, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Lopez, Elizabeth
Grupo de Sociedad y Salud, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Studies on leptin administration have demonstrated a reversion of insulin resistance, and that leptin produces effects in glucose metabolism.
Objective. Changes in the insulin and glucose concentrations in blood plasma was valuated by intraperitoneal administration of mimetic leptin peptides in Wistar rats fed with high fat diet.
Materials and methods. A control group of rats was defined that were fed with high fat diet and a control group with normal diet. Several treatments groups were fed with high fat diet and subjected to the administration of seven different mimetic leptin peptides, each one administered in four different concentrations. During the peptide administration the glucose concentrations were quantified and at the end the insulin concentrations.
Results. The average insulin concentrations in the control groups were similar; however, hyperinsulinemia was observed in the groups to which we administered the peptide denominated 83 at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of body weight. All the treatment groups except the peptide denominated with the code 80 showed diminished glucose levels even in the cases without hyperglycemia. The greatest effect was observed with the peptide 116-130 of the mouse leptin and its human homolog, although without statistical differences with the other treatments.
Conclusion. Lectin peptides have no effect on the insulin plasma concentrations; however, an effect is evident in glucose levels. Additional research will be required to determine if leptin mimetic peptides influence the glucose metabolism or the expression, secretion, signaling mechanism and regulation of insulin.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/108
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/109
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Efecto de las infecciones oportunistas sobre las subpoblaciones de leucocitos en individuos infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1
Montoya, Carlos Julio
Grupo de Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Ramirez, Zoraída
Grupo de Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Cataño, Juan Carlos
Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Román, Alejandro
Grupo de Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Rugeles, María Teresa
Grupo de Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. The presence of opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome favors the progression of HIV-1 infection. Despite the key role that several leukocyte subpopulations exhibit during the anti-infectious response, few studies have focused on the role of these cells in HIV-1-infected patients with active opportunistic infections.
Objective. The quantity of several innate and adaptive cell subpopulations was evaluated in whole peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected patients, with and without a history of opportunistic infections.
Materials and methods. The absolute number of each leukocyte subpopulation was evaluated by flow cytometry, and for each cell subpopulation, this number was correlated with viral load, CD4+ T cell count and the expression of activation markers on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.
Results. Chronically HIV-1 infected patients exhibited a quantitative deficiency in several leukocyte subpopulations; this effect was more pronounced in individuals suffering an active opportunistic infection. This indicated that the coinfection by HIV-1 and opportunistic microorganisms potentiated the immunodeficiency by reducing significantly the frequency of different subpopulations of leukocytes.
Conclusions. This finding underlines the importance of an early diagnose of HIV-1 infection, and the need for the rational use of antiretroviral medications to avoid the development of opportunistic infections. In addition, it points to the necessity of developing immunotherapy strategies for HIV-1-infected patients in order to re-establish the immune competence.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/109
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/110
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Patrones de prescripción de antirretrovirales en 997 pacientes colombianos
Machado, Jorge
Grupo de Investigación de Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia Departamento de Farmacoepidemiología, Audifarma S.A., Pereira, Colombia
Alzate, John Alexander
Grupo de Investigación de Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
Introduction. Antiretroviral therapy for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has improved steadily since the advent of combination therapy in 1996.
Objective. The pharmacological therapies of the infection by HIV/AIDS were documented in order to determine if effective treatment regimes were prescribed.
Materials and methods. Pharmacological therapies of the human immunodeficiency virus infection were compared in 997 patients affiliated with the health security system, of both sexes and all ages. All had been in treatment for more than three months (July-September 2006) and were distributed in 15 Colombian cities. The data were retrieved from medication consumption files which were maintained by the institutions that had distributed medications to the selected patients.
Results. The average age of patients was 37.7±13.2 and 82.6% were men. All the patients received between three to five antiretrovirals. The medications most commonly prescribed were nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (96.4%), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (54.9%), protease inhibitors (39.8%) and others (0.4%). All of the doses were at recommended levels.The most common combinations were lamivudine-zidovudine-efavirenz (35%), lamivudine-zidovudine+lopinavir/ritonavir (8.4%), abacavir+lamivudine-zidovudine (5.5%), lamivudine-zidovudine+nevirapine (5.2 %) and others (45.9%), consisting of 65 different combinations.
Conclusions. All agents were used at internationally recommended doses and rational prescription patterns prevailed in the initial therapy. However, the use of 69 different associations suggested that after the beginning of treatment, clinicians do not have adequate criteria to prescribe in accordance with international guidelines of antiretroviral therapy; they adopt a variety of options that may be outside of established recommendations.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/110
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/111
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Estado nutricional y condiciones de vida de los niños menores de cinco años del área urbana del municipio de Turbo, Antioquia, Colombia, 2004
Alcaraz, Gloria
Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Bernal, Carlos
Departamento de Pediatría y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Cornejo, William
Departamento de Pediatría y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Figueroa, Natalia
Departamento de Pediatría y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Múnera, Margarita
Departamento de Pediatría y Puericultura, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Malnutrition is a problem for the persons who suffer it and for the future of the societies to whom they belong. It is important to know its magnitude in order formulate solutions.
Objective. The nutritional status of young children was evaluated in an urban area using anthropometric indices and factors associated with risk of malnutrition were identified-socio-demgraphic,environmental, nutritional, and health factors.
Materials and methods. In 2004, a cross-sectional descriptive survey was applied to 606 children, aged less than 5 years, in Turbo, a municipality in northwestern Colombia. A proportional, randomized, statistically significant sample of all the neighborhoods of the urban area in Turbo was used. Anthropometric evaluation (weight, height and age) was performed in all subjects, and a questionnaire regarding the socio-economical and nutritional background of the children was submitted to mothers and caregivers.
Results. The prevalence percentages were as follows: low weight (11.1%-CI 8.5-13.6), stunting (11.7%-CI 9.1-14.4) and starvation (2.8%- CI 1.4-4.2). When a cut-off point of -1 Z score was applied, the prevalence increased to 41.7% (CI 37.7-45.8), 36.9% (CI 33.0-40.9) and 24.6% (CI 21.1-28.1) respectively. Bivariate analyses showed greater risks of global, severe and chronic malnutrition for males. Greater risk for global and chronic malnutrition occurred for children older than one year. Risk of chronic malnutrition was associated with the following conditions: children belonging to households with more than five people, children of mothers with low educational level, for children being breastfed for more than one year, and children who have a higher number of brothers. Conclusions. An increased risk of malnutrition was present in the Turbo population when compared with the national anthropometric indices. The nutritional status of Turbo urban children is associated with several distinct socio-economical factors; these must be considered when implementing programs for the nutritional rehabilitation of this population.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/111
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/112
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Presencia de Haemagogus equinus Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae) en los municipios de Soledad y Malambo en el departamento del Atlántico, Colombia, 1998-2005
Maestre, Ronald
Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
Vergara Sanchez, Consuelo
Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
Berrueco Rodríguez, Guillermo
Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
Bello Novoa, Betsy
Laboratorio de Entomología, Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Brochero, Helena
Laboratorio de Entomología, Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Yellow fever is a serious illness public health importance and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes in the rural and forest environments, and by Aedes aegypti in the urban setting. In Colombia, Haemagogus janthinomys and H. equinus are considered efficient vectors of this viral disease.
Objective. The presence of the mosquito Haemagogus equinus was recorded over an 8 year period, in the periurban areas of the Soledad and Malambo municipalities (Atlantico Province) of northern Colombia.
Materials and methods. The data was obtained from records of the entomological collections from two collection sites: (1) 14 larva traps located at the Erneasto Cortissoz airport in the municipality of Soledad between 1997–2005 and (2) 10 larva traps located at Vergara and Velasco Batallion in the municipality of Malambo in 2005.
Results. Haemogogus equinus was reported for the first time in Soledad in 1998. In the following 8 years, 197 larvae were reported. The individuals were found sharing the trap with Aedes aegypti, Culex nigripalpus and Uranotaenia lowii. In Malambo, the first discovery of H.equinus occurred in 2005, with a total of 641 larvae. No other Culicidae were associated with it.
Conclusion. The presence of H. equinus in larvitraps located near the urban zone, shows adaptation to the use of artificial containers as larval habitats, Urbanization of this species in zones with a high Ae. aegypti infestation index increases the potential introduction of sylvan yellow fever virus and constitutes a risk for re-emergence of urban cycles of yellow fever.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/112
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/113
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Seroepidemiología de la enfermedad de Chagas en dos localidades del municipio Costa de Oro, estado Aragua, Venezuela
Serrano, Olga
Corporación de Salud del Estado Aragua, Aragua, Venezuela
Mendoza, Florencio
Corporación de Salud del Estado Aragua, Aragua, Venezuela
Suárez, Benny
Postgrado en Epidemiología de Enfermedades Metaxénicas, Aragua, Venezuela. Centro de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Endémicas y Salud Ambiental, Aragua, Venezuela. Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública “Doctor Arnoldo Gabaldon”, Aragua,
Soto, Ana
Centro de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Endémicas y Salud Ambiental, Aragua, Venezuela Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública “Doctor Arnoldo Gabaldon”, Aragua, Venezuela
Introduction. Chagas disease has been a public health problem in Latin America for many years. In Venezuela the disease is mainly distributed in the rural populations and endemic areas with an overall seroprevalence index of 8,3% for the year 2000.
Objective. The infection seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi was determined in the human population younger than 16 years. An the entomological index was obtained and the grade of knowledge of the Chagas disease was surveyed in the local inhabitants.
Materials and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional field study was performed in two rural communities of the municipality Costa de Oro, State Aragua, Venezuela. Here, T. cruzi-seropositive testing was conducted in subjects younger than 16 years. The samples were processed using indirect hemagglutination and by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A questionnaire was administered to assess household risk factors, and knowledge about vectors and disease held by the local population. Searches for triatomines were conducted inside of dwellings.
Results. Seroprevalence in children less than 16 years old was 1.02%. Sixteen specimens of triatominae adults were captured. The vector species recognized were Panstrongylus geniculatus, Rhodnius pictipes, and Eratyrus mucronatus. The index of triatomid infestation with respect to site and house was respectively, 100% and 10.9%. No association was found between the seropositives and the other variables. Of the interviewed individuals, 95% knew that insects transmit diseases, but less than 46% knew that triatominds transmit Chagas disease or were aware of the disease pathology.
Conclusion. The discovery of secondary vectors in the area outlines the necessity to carry out epidemiological and entomological studies that associate environmental variables with the habitat of these insects. This will allow the identification of risk factors responsible for the transmission of Chagas disease in this region.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/113
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/114
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Aspectos clínicos y niveles de plomo en niños expuestos de manera paraocupacional en el proceso de reciclaje de baterías de automóviles en las localidades de Soacha y Bogotá, D.C.
Echeverry, Jairo
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Hurtado, Carlos Mauricio
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Gutiérrez, Myriam
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Lead is a harmless metal if not handled directly in the industrial process. Even though lead has been eliminated from the gasoline in many countries, automobile battery recycling continues to be a potential source of exposure and intoxication for the workers and their families, particularly of low income. The current investigation was initiated after an index case of lead poisoning was reported from Soacha, Cundinamarca, in central Colombia..
Objective. Clinical investigation established lead levels and lead poison frequency in children with para-occupational lead exposure in the process of recycling automobile batteries.
Material and methods. This was designed as a descriptive study, with selection of subjects with high risk of possible lead exposure. Minors, mostly of school age were recruited based on referral by relatives, neighbors or acquaintances, all of whom were involved in para-occupational exposure. Thirty two children, less than 12 years old (majority school age), were included. General and specific examinations of the children were made, and blood samples were taken for lead and hematological determinations.
Results. All subjects showed high levels of lead (2-9 times the maximum acceptable value) and, according to established criteria, two-thirds were rated as severely poisoned. The children with high levels of lead had tendency toward more specific hematological compromise and showing black gingival bordering (Burton border).
Conclusion. This study communicates to the sanitary authorities and government a clear sign of alarm in that measures must be taken to diminish the occupational or para-occupational lead exposure of children by way of the automobile battery recycling industry.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/114
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/115
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación del daño en el ADN y vigilancia biológica de la exposición laboral a solventes orgánicos, 2006
Torres, Carlos Humberto
División de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Varona, Marcela E.
Laboratorio Salud Ambiental, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Lancheros, Angélica
Laboratorio Salud Ambiental, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Patiño, Rosa Isabel
Grupo de Investigación Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Groot, Helena
Laboratorio de Genética Humana, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Exposure to solvents is one of the highest potential risks for millions of workers in the world; they can generate substantial environmental pollution leading to outbreaks of public health problems.
Objective. Blood levels were determined for metabolites of benzene, toluene and xylene, and polymorphisms for enzymes CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 were characterized. Damage to DNA was assessed by the comet assay for exposure to organic solvents.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 90 employees from 5 different companies. A survey form was administered; blood was sampled to detect the genetic polymorphisms and to apply the comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) to detect DNA fragmentation. The concentrations of phenol, ortho and meta methylhippuric acids were measured in urine. Statistical analyses explored the possible associations.
Results. The percentage of workers directly exposed to solvents was 34.4%. In this group, the evidence indicated concentrations higher than the permitted limits: 3.3% for phenol, 6.6% for hippuric acid, 3.3% for ortho-methylhippuric acid and 36.7% for metamethylhippuric acid. In the Comet assay, the length of the comets tail was greater than average (19.5 ìm) in exposed subjects, and the percentage of cells with mild damage (19.0%) (p=0.0007) was higher. The percentage of exposed individuals with absent genotypes for enzymes GSTT1 and GSTM1 was 46.7% and 56.8% respectively.
Conclusion. Exposure biomarkers have become fundamental tools for the evaluation of risk associated with exposure to toxic agents.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/115
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/116
2016-11-22T10:32:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
"080301 2008 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Costo-efectividad de la tomografía computarizada y la ecografía en el diagnóstico de apendicitis
Sanabria, Álvaro
Department of Surgery, Universidad de la Sabana, Chía, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Fundación Abood Shaio, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Romero, Javier
Department of Radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Angarita, Miguel
Department of Radiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Varón, Juan Carlos
Department of Surgery, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Diagnosis of acute appendicitis is difficult in nearly 30% of patients with pain in low right quadrant. Diagnostic imaging may provide a means of a more accurate diagnosis.
Objective. The cost-effectiveness of diagnostic image tests was calculated for comparison with routine physical examination in patients with abdominal pain suspected to be appendicitis.
Materials and methods. A cost-effectiveness protocol was designed, using a decision analysis model. The standard case was a patient with abdominal pain in right lower quadrant and suspicion of appendicitis. Three independent diagnostic alternatives were selected-ultrasonography, abdominal tomography and physical exam in hospital with the subject under observation less than six hours. Operative characteristics, study design and costs of interventions and outcomes were assessed. The main outcome consisted of a confirmed diagnosis of appendicitis. The point of view taken was that of health maintenance organizations. Direct and indirect medical costs were measured. Time horizon used was three months. A one way sensitivity analysis was made.
Results. For a prepaid system, the most cost-effective strategy was abdominal tomography, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of US$965/diagnosed patient. For public system, the most cost-effective strategy was abdominal tomography, with a cost-effectiveness ratio of US$492/diagnosed patient.
Conclusions. Imaging diagnostic methods, in cases of abdominal pain suspected to be appendicitis, are more cost-effective than physical exam to make accurate diagnostic decisions. Tomography offers the best cost-effectiveness in prepaid system and in public health system.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2008-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/116
Biomédica; Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2008)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/118
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Disminución del número de neuronas que expresan GABA en la corteza cerebral de ratones infectados con rabia
Rengifo, Aura Caterine
Laboratorio de Microscopía, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Torres-Fernández, Orlando
Laboratorio de Microscopía, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. GABAergic neurons synthesize and release gamma-aminobutyric acid, the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Certain clinical signs of rabies and previous experimental studies have suggested that rabies viral infections affect the host GABAergic system.
Objective. The effect of rabies virus infection on the expression of GABA was evaluated in neurons of the mouse cerebral cortex.
Materials and methods. Adult mice were inoculated by intramuscular injection with the standard strain of rabies (CVS virus). The animals were sacrificed in the terminal stage of the illness and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde. Frontal sections were obtained in a Vibratome® and treated with appropriate immunohistochemical reactions for identifying the GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex. Counts and comparative quantitative analysis of the GABA+ neurons were compared in samples of infected and normal mice.
Results. In the animals infected with rabies virus, the distribution pattern of cortical GABAergic neurons was not changed, but their number diminished significantly. The mean value of GABA+ cells number in 1 μm2 of cerebral cortex was 293±32 in normal samples and 209±13 in infected samples. Despite the loss in GABA+ cell number, the average size of GABA+ cells per unit increased from 104±8 μm2 in normal mice to 122±10 μm2 in infected mice because the cell loss consisted more frequently of smaller neurons. Nevertheless, the rank of GABA+ cell sizes in infected samples was similar to normal samples.
Conclusion. This evidence supported the hypothesis that GABA is involved in rabies pathology.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/118
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/119
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Concentración sérica de leptina en población escolar de cinco departamentos del centro-oriente colombiano y su relación con parámetros antropométricos y perfil lipídico
Poveda, Elpidia
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Callas, Ney E.
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Baracaldo, César M.
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Castillo, Carlina
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Hernández, Patricia
Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Leptins are proteins that regulate body weight. Their concentrations are modified depending on several factors including metabolic status, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases.
Objective. The leptin concentrations were measured in Colombian children and related to age, sex, body mass index, triceps skinfold and lipid profile.
Materials and methods. School age children from 5 provinces of central-eastern Colombia were examined. Measurements included body mass index, body fat reserves, leptin concentrations and lipid profile.
Results. The overall leptin concentrations were 8.3±8.9 ng/ml. The concentrations varied by differences in the age and sex, but were equal in children with higher body weight and greater fat deposition. A positive relationship was observed between high leptin levels and high total cholesterol in males, and in females, an association of high leptin levels with high levels of triglycerides.
Conclusion. The leptin concentrations followed a trend similar to those of other population groups with differences according to the age, sex and deposits of fat mass. However, thevalues seem to be influenced by hormonal differences and food habits. In addition, overweight or obese school children probably have hyperleptinemia, correlated to metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. The sex specific association between total cholesterol, triglycerides and leptin suggests a complex relationship that depends on biological and hormonal differences, as well as environmental and life style differences. Each of these associations requires additional focused study for verification.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/119
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/120
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Efectividad de la profilaxis para enfermedad tuberculosa en pacientes infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, Medellín, 2002-2005
Arbeláez, María Patricia
Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Arbeláez, Alexánder
Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Gómez, Rubén Darío
Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Rojas, Carlos
Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Vélez, Lázaro
Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas (Gripe), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Arias, Sonia Luz
Grupo de Epidemiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Nagles, Jorge
Clínica las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
Peláez, Luz Marina
Clínica Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Betancourt, Gloria
Coomeva EPS, Medellín, Colombia
Velásquez, Gloria
Requiescat in pacem
Introduction. Prophylaxis against tuberculosis has been recognized as important for preventing clinical forms of tuberculosis, mainly in HIV positive patients. However, in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence, prophylaxis application and effectiveness remains controversial.
Objective. Effectiveness was established for two prophylaxis regimens -isoniazid treatment for nine months and pirazinamid/rifampin for 60 days.
Materials and methods. Two cohort groups of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were compared. One consisted of 131 volunteer patients, who received one of the two prophylactic regimens - pirazinamid/rifampin or isoniazid. The tuberculosis treatment drugs were self-administered and
independent of tuberculin response tests. The second group consisted of 200 patients selected from the records of a HIV/AIDS control program. Follow up for both groups was conducted over a two-year period through clinical records.
Results. The 2 groups were similar with respect to clinical and demographic variables. A higher proportion of patients in the control group had CD4 counts <200/ml and viral load
>100,000 copies. In the prophylactic group, 8% of patients reported adverse effects due to the drug, and one person had tuberculosis in that group (0.8%). Ten persons in the control group contracted tuberculosis (5%) [RR=0.15, 95%CI 0.02-1.18, p=0.07]. The prophylaxis protective level was calculated to be 80%, after taking into account CD4, viral load, and effective antiretroviral therapy.
Conclusion. The prophylaxis against tuberculosis was effective in HIV positive patients, independently of the immune status, viral load, and highly effective antiretroviral therapy.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/120
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/122
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Frecuencia de anticuerpos anti Trypanozoma cruzi en pacientes portadores de marcapasos de la Clinica San Pedro Claver de Bogotá
Mora, Guillermo
Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Echeverry, María Clara
Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. D.C., Colombia
Rey, Gustavo Enrique
Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
López, Myriam Consuelo
Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Posada, Luisa Fernanda
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. D.C., Colombia
Rivas, Fabio Aurelio
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C.
Introduction. In Colombia the impact of infections of Trypanosoma cruzi are known to produce chronic cardiopathy and expressed by bradycardia. In Colombia the extent and impact of these infections has not been examined.
Objective. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. cruzi infection as measured by serology, in a population of patients with cardiopathy that required a permanent pacemaker as treatment for cardiac rhythm abnormalities and conduction blocking.
Materials and methods. A cross sectional study sampled 332 patients from the pacemaker clinic at the San Pedro Claver Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, for one year (2004-2005). Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained through interviews and physical examination. Serological tests consisted of indirect inmunofluorescence assay and ELISA. Statistical analyses were accomplished with chi-square and Students' t tests.
Results. Of patients with pacemakers, 17.1% had anti-T. cruzi antibodies (seropositive). At the time when the pacemaker was implanted, chronic Chagas' disease patients were younger
(55±13 years) than those patients with cardiopathy (60±17 years) with no anti-T. cruzi antibodies (p<0.01). The seropositive group was aware of the Chagas' disease vector (83.6%) in contrast to the seronegative group (39.6%, p<0.001). In 60% of the patients of the seropositive group, no clinical signs of the disease were apparent. The geographical origin of the seropositive group were traced to regions in Colombia known to be endemic for Chagas´ disease transmission.
Conclusion. Chagas´ disease prevalence is high in Colombian patients who required a permanent cardiac pacemaker. Chronic Chagas' disease patients required pacemaker implant
at a younger age in contrast with patients with other cardiac pathologies. The clinical recognition of Chagas´ disease associated with cardiopathy is low despite the epidemiological data.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/122
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/133
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de la bioseguridad del protocolo de extracción de ADN para especies del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis implementado en el Instituto Nacional de Salud
Ribón, Wellman
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Centro Colombiano de Investigación en Tuberculosis-CCITB, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Escuela de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucara
Castro, Claudia
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Centro Colombiano de Investigación en Tuberculosis-CCITB, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
González, Liliana
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Centro Colombiano de Investigación en Tuberculosis-CCITB, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bo
Rozo, Juan Carlos
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Centro Colombiano de Investigación en Tuberculosis-CCITB, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Maestría en Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad
Puerto, Gloria
Grupo de Micobacterias, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Centro Colombiano de Investigación en Tuberculosis-CCITB, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Manipulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical specimens and cultures represents a risk factor for laboratory personnel. One of the processes that requires high concentrations of microorganisms is DNA extraction for molecular procedures. Pulmonary tuberculosis cases have occurred among professionals in charge of molecular procedures that require manipulation of massive quantities of microorganisms. This has prompted research studies on biosafety aspects of extraction protocols; however, as yet, no consensus has been reached regarding risks associated with the process.
Objective. The biosafety was evaluated for the DNA extraction protocol of van Soolingen, et al. 2002 by determining M. tuberculosis viability at each process stage.
Materials and methods. Eight hundred eighty cultures were grown from 220 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates that had been processed through the first three DNA extraction stages. Molecular identifications of positive cultures used a PCR isolation of a fragment of the heat shock protein PRA-hsp65 and examination of its restriction enzyme profile (spoligotyping).
Results. Growth was seen in one culture with one of the procedures used. The molecular characterization did not correspond to the initially analyzed isolate, and therefore was deduced to be the product of a cross-contamination.
Conclusion. The DNA extraction protocol, as described by van Soolingen, et al. 2002 and as implemented at the Instituto Nacional de Salud, was established to be safe for laboratory personnel as well as for the environment.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/133
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/134
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Rectoría de la vigilancia en salud pública en el sistema de seguridad social en salud de Colombia: estudio de casos
López, Yolanda Lucía
Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
González, Claudia
Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Gallego, Berta Natalia
Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Moreno, Ana Lida
Grupo de Química Clínica, Subdirección Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. With the reform of the Colombian health system in 1993, public health surveillance continued to be a governmental responsibility under the stewardship of the Ministry of Social Protection along with state and local health authorities.
Objective. The effectiveness of the development and organization of state and municipality public health surveillance programs will be studied as they have evolved under the general social security system in Colombia.
Materials and methods. Qualitative study and case-study method are applied to several institutions as they function in 5 states and 11 counties, ten years after the health system reforms.
Results. Public health authorities have reduced resources for providing advice, technical assistance, supervision and control of the process of the public health surveillance. Weaknesses in administrative control are common. Quantity and quality of human resources, as well as, staffing and financial resources are inadequate to meet the responsibilities that have been assigned to each state and county. The public health surveillance has prioritized the notification and registration of cases, and the strength of development of particular areas occasionally has been subject to the particular interests of officials in charge, particularly in the public hospitals.Little commitment or interest is shown by mayors, insurance companies, and institutions providing health services that are supposed to be involved with monitoring. A lack of cross-institutional collaboration is apparent in the development of health services surveillance.
Conclusion. The implementation of public health surveillance at state and local levels is weak due to problems with the governmental stewardship. These weaknesses are manifested in the lack of regulation, financing and control of the health system.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/134
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/136
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Caracterización de la mortalidad por malaria en el Valle del Cauca, 2005-2006
Osorio, Lyda
Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas, CIDEIM, Cali, Colombia
Fernández, Julián Alfredo
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Murillo, Olga
Secretaría de Salud Departamental del Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
Escobar, Humberto
Unidad Ejecutora de Saneamiento del Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
Bustamante, Patricia
Unidad Ejecutora de Saneamiento del Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
Agudelo, Henry
Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública del Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
Martínez, Luz Patricia
Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Pública del Valle del Cauca, Cali, Colombia
Olaya, Beatriz
Grupo Funcional para la Disminución de la Mortalidad por Malaria en el Valle del Cauca
Castro, Gloria
Grupo Funcional para la Disminución de la Mortalidad por Malaria en el Valle del Cauca
Introduction. Valle del Cauca is one of the states in Colombia that reports a high number of deaths due to malaria. Understanding the basis of malarial deaths is useful for assessing the efficacy of the health system and to identify areas where improvements are necessary to decrease malaria mortality.
Objective. Potential determinants of mortality in malaria cases are characterized in a demographic study centered in Valle del Cauca.
Materials and methods. A descriptive analysis was directed to 25 cases of malaria death occurring in Valle del Cauca during 2005 and 2006.
Results. The mean age was 31.3 years (range, 2 to 71 yr), 11 were women (1 pregnant), 11 were from the malaria-endemic port of Buenaventura, and 5 from other Pacific coastal states. After entering the health system facility, the standard malaria diagnostic, the thick smear, was not ordered for 7 cases at any time during the treatment period. In cases where a thick smear was taken at first contact, 11 had a positive and 5 had a negative initial report. Cerebral malaria (7/18 cases) and renal failure (6/18 cases) were the most frequent complications. During hospitalization, 13/18 cases developed other complications, mainly acute lung edema (8/18 cases) and shock (5/18 cases).
Conclusions. Failures in primary health care of patients with malaria were recognized. This information has been used to implement actions aimed at improving initial care of malaria subjects in the health services of Valle del Cauca. The study recommends that other states in Colombia increase their efforts to decrease malaria mortality.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/136
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/137
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Infección por Gnathostoma (Spirurida: Gnathostomatidae) en Hoplias microlepis: prevalencia, correlación con la talla del pez, huéspedes e implicaciones para salud pública en Ecuador
Alava, Juan José
Fundación Ecuatoriana para el Estudio de Mamíferos Marinos, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Investigación y Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical “Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez”, Guayaquil, E
Jiménez, Pedro J.
Fundación Ecuatoriana para el Estudio de Mamíferos Marinos, Guayaquil, Ecuador
Introduction. Human gnathostomiasis has been reported in Ecuador since the early 1980s, when natural infections by Gnathostoma third larval stages were found in muscles of the second intermediary host, Hoplias microlepis (tigerfish). In Ecuador, this zoonotic disease is occasionally detected in humans, and its monitoring and eco-epidemiological assessment is of particular interest for its detection and control.
Objective. The most recent evidence is provided with respect to natural infections by Gnathostoma as it occurs in the tigerfish (Hoplias microlepis), including insights into its biological cycle.
Materials and methods. A total of 74 fish were collected from two localities (rice fields-wetlands and local fish market) of Samborondón County (Guayas Province). Each was examined for the presence of Gnathostoma in muscle of Hoplias microlepis. The abundance intensity and prevalence of parasites was estimated. Statistical comparisons between the two sites and correlations of parasite load versus fish size were conducted.
Results. The infection prevalence by Gnathostoma was 69% (95% CI: 57-78%). The overall abundance intensity of parasites averaging the 2 sites was 1.7 larvae per fish. The proportion of infected fish was higher in rice fields (77%) when compared to those from the local fish market (62%). No statistically significant differences between the abundance intensity and prevalence were found between the sites (p>0.05). Parasite load and fish length were significantly correlated (Spearman p<0.05).
Conclusions. Gnathostomiasis is a prevalent zoonosis in coastal Ecuador, and its etiologic agent is commonly found in the second intermediary host. Several Neotropical mammals are candidates as definitive reservoir hosts in the Gnathostoma biological cycle.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/137
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/138
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Resistencia metabólica a insecticidas organofosforados en Anopheles aquasalis Curry 1932, municipio Libertador, estado Sucre, Venezuela
Molina, Darjaniva
Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública “Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón”, Centro de Estudios de Enfermedades Endémicas y Salud Ambiental, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Maracay, Aragua, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Figueroa, Luisa Elena
Instituto de Altos Estudios en Salud Pública “Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón”, Centro de Estudios de Enfermedades Endémicas y Salud Ambiental, Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Maracay, Aragua, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Introduction. A study of insecticide resistance was undertaken at focal level in the localities Catuaro, Guayana, Platanito and Rio de Agua, Libertador County, Sucre State, Venezuela, a region with malaria transmission, where Anopheles aquasalis is the main vector.
Objective. Insecticide resistance was assessed in the organophosphate insecticides fenitrothion and pirimiphos methyl, both of which are used in the control of Anopheles aquasalis.
Materials and methods. In adult mosquitoes, biological tests were performed and identification of resistance mechanisms in vitro by biochemical tests.
Results. Elevated levels of alpha and beta esterases were detected, as well as altered acetylcholinesterase activity. Multifunction oxidase enzymes in populations of Anopheles aquasalis in three of the locations evaluated were also altered; therefore, both enzyme systems may be involved in the expression of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the study populations. The enzyme activity of glutathione-S-transferase was noted only in Rio de Agua.
Conclusions. A better understanding of the resistance to insecticides was obtained in this species of medical importance. These findings will assist the implementation the practice of insecticide rotation as a strategy within an integrated management program.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/138
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/139
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de la utilidad de la prueba rápida de casete por inmunocromatografía para el diagnóstico de dengue en una región endémica colombiana
Martínez-Vega, Ruth Aralí
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Díaz Quijano, Fredi Alexander
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Coronel Ruiz, Carolina
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Gómez, Sergio Yebrail
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Villar Centeno, Luis Ángel
Grupo de Epidemiología Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Introduction. Traditional tests for dengue diagnosis are not useful during the first days of disease onset, because they require time and complex techniques or because they have low sensitivity.
Objective. The reliability and precisison was determined for the rapid test in cassette (PANBIO) for dengue diagnosis in acute and convalescent serum samples.
Materials and methods. The immunochromatographic test was evaluated in samples from patients older than 5 years with acute febrile syndrome. The patients came from the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga during April and August of 2003. Acute and convalescent serum came from 67 dengue cases, diagnosed by viral isolation or IgM paired tests (modified MAC-ELISA), and from 33 patients with acute febrile syndrome (not dengue) that served as controls.
Results. Reliability was good (kappa=0.84). In the convalescent serum, the test showed sensitivity of 76.1%, specificity of 75.8%, positive predictive value of 86.4% and negative predictive value of 61.0%, positive likelihood ratio 3.14 and negative likelihood ratio 0.32. In the acute phase, the values were 52.2%, 84.8%, 87.5%, 46.7%, 3.45 and 0.56, respectively.
Conclusions. Rapid immunochromatographic test for dengue diagnosis shows good reproducibility and specificity, with an acceptable sensitivity. Therefore, this rapid test is recommended as diagnostic tool in endemic areas.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/139
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/140
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Actividad inducida por androsterona y hemisuccinato de androsterona sobre la presión de perfusión y la resistencia vascular
Figueroa, Lauro
Laboratorio de Fármaco-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, México
Díaz, Francisco
Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México
Camacho, Avelardo
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, México
Díaz, Eliseo
Laboratorio de Fármaco-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, México
Marvin, Rolando
Laboratorio de Fármaco-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, México
Introduction. Few data exist with respect to the effects of androsterone and their derivatives at cardiovascular level. In addition, the molecular mechanisms and cellular site of action of these androgens are still unclear.
Objective. An evaluation was conducted on the effects induced by androsterone and hemisuccinate of androsterone on perfusion pressure and vascular resistance.
Materials and methods. The effects of both androsterone and hemisuccinate of androsterone on the perfusion pressure and vascular resistance in isolated rat hearts (Langendorff model) were evaluated.
Results. The results showed that: (1) the hemisuccinate of androsterone [10-9 M] increases the perfusion pressure and vascular resistance in comparison with the androsterone [10-9 M]; (2) the effect of androsterone-derivative [10-9 M-10-5 M] on perfusion pressure not was inhibited by indometacin [10-6 M]; (3) nifedipine [10-6 M] blocks the effects exerted by hemisuccinate of androsterone [10-9 M-10-5 M] on perfusion pressure; and (4) the effect of androsterone-derivative [10-9 M-10-5 M] on perfusion pressure in presence of flutamide [10-6 M] was inhibited.
Conclusions. The effects induced by androsterone and hemisuccinate of androsterone on the perfusion pressure and resistance vascular probably involve the interaction of steroid-receptor androgenic and, indirectly, activation of the calcium channel to induce variations in the perfusion pressure.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/140
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/141
2016-11-22T10:33:12Z
biomedica:ARTI
"091201 2009 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Tipología de los consumidores de alcohol y sus factores determinantes en Bucaramanga, Colombia
Herrán, Oscar Fernando
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Grupo Observatorio Epidemiológico de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaraman
Ardila, María F.
Grupo Observatorio Epidemiológico de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Introduction. The consequences of alcohol intake can be public health problems. A well-constructed classification system of alcohol consumers will assist in designing strategies for mitigation and control of alcohol-induced behaviors.
Objective. A categorization of alcohol consumers was developed based on a set of consumer-associated variables.
Material and methods. A set of 1,199 subjects between 18 and 60 years old was selected and each subject classified in three categories of alcohol intake: type A, intake desirable; type B, excessive consumption without related problems; and type C, problematic consumption or dependence. Using multinomial logistic regression model, the decisive variables of each category were fixed.
Results. Subject with positive expectations associated with consumption such as “increase in expressivity and the sexuality” have 1.6 (95% CI; 1.0 - 2.5) times greater probability to be placed in the C category that those without those expectations. For relationships associated with “inhibition and feelings of power”, this risk even greater- 2.2 (95%CI; 1.1- 4.3). Age is in an inverse relationship and a protective factor to be classified type B or C. Men have a greater probability than women to be classes in B or C; this probability is the same as subjects who indicate having moderate pleasure or a rise in pleasure induced by the alcoholic drinks.
Discussion. The results can be translated into programs for interventions at the population level directed to groups of higher risk, such as scholars and preteens, and with a gender focus. The personality element on which to focus the intervention is that of self-esteem. This is an element built from a behavioral-cognitive perspective within the context of the social and cultural learning process.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2009-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/141
Biomédica; Vol. 29 Núm. 4 (2009)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/148
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma y asociación con contaminación atmosférica en preescolares de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Rodríguez, Laura Andrea
Observatorio de Salud Pública de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Rey, Juan José
Observatorio de Salud Pública de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Herrera, Astrid Berena
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Castro, Henry
Corporación para la Defensa de la Meseta de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Niederbacher, Jurg
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Instituto Neumológico del Oriente, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Vera, Lina María
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Cala, Luz Libia
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Instituto Neumológico del Oriente, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Bolívar, Fabio
Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Instituto Neumológico del Oriente, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Introduction. Increases in the air pollution levels has well-documented harmful effects on human health, especially exacerbating problems of asthma and other allergies.
Objective. The prevalence of symptoms associated with asthma was determined in preschool populations in zones with differing levels of air pollution.
Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bucaramanga, Colombia, comparing respiratory symptoms in 768 children under seven years in two urban zones with different pollution levels of particulate matter and ozone. Morbidity was evaluated for respiratory indicators of asthma by means of a questionnaire version previously validated in Spanish.
Results. The use of cigarettes (27.5%) and aerosols (22.7%) were the most frequent source of indoor air pollution. Wheezing prevalence was 25.6% (95% CI 23.2-29.8%) and diagnosis of asthma was 8.4% (95% CI 6.2-11.5%), with no differences between zones. The final multivariate model did not show an association between outdoor pollution and symptoms related with asthma. However, concrete flooring and presence of mold did show an association with these symptoms.
Conclusions. Indoor air quality rather than outdoor air pollution may play a more important role in producing respiratory symptoms related with asthma in preschool children in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/148
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/149
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Análisis comparativo de seis genomas del complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chaves, Diego
Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Sandoval, Andrea
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Corporación Corpogen, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Rodríguez, Luis
Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
García, Juan C.
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Corporación Corpogen, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Restrepo, Silvia
Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Zambrano, María Mercedes
Grupo de Genética Molecular, Corporación Corpogen, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. A growing number of sequenced genomes belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has enabled a comparison of strain traits and genomic constitution. These analyses may reveal mechanisms of evolution and genomic variation relevant to tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Objective. Multiple alignments were used to analyze the differences between six genomes of the M. tuberculosis complex and to locate regions of variation that may lead to improvements in species identification or in their treatment.
Materials and methods. The Mauve software package was used to perform a multiple alignment of 6 genomes belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex. Regions exclusive to each genome were annotated using the TB database.
Results. Percent similarity among the six genomes ranged between 96.1% and 97.8%. The annotation identified intergenic regions, regions associated with transposable elements of the PE-PGRS and PPE families, and regions associated with resistance against bacteriophage.
Conclusions. In spite of the high genetic similarity among the tuberculosis strains, genomic variations were elucidated that may be relevant to differences in behavior and virulence, as well as for improvement of strain diagnosis. Regions encoding membrane-associated proteins, possibly related with antigenic variation and immune response, are particularly interesting for studies aimed at seeking tuberculosis treatments.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/149
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/150
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Síntesis de las enzimas de piruvato, oxidorreductasa de ferredoxina y deshidrogenasa E de alcohol durante el desenquistamiento (excystacion) de Giardia intestinalis
Niño, Carlos Alberto
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas en Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Wasserman, Moisés
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Básicas en Bioquímica, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Introduction. Giardia intestinalis is a unicellular parasite of worldwide distribution. It causes an intestinal illness known as giardiasis, and it is probably the earliest diverging eukaryotic microorganism. Previously, changes have been reported in the expression of mRNAs at several stages of the life cycle; however specific enzymatic activity changes have not been explored.
Objective. The expression of pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) and alcohol dehydrogenase E (ADHE) enzymes was measured in cyst and trophozoite stages, and during the excystation process.
Materials and methods. Recombinant proteins were generated for PFOR and ADHE to be used as antigens in the production of polyclonal antibodies for the detection of native proteins by Western Blot. The enzymatic activity of ADHE and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was evaluated by spectrophotometric assays.
Results. PFOR (139 kDa) and ADHE (97 kDa) proteins were detected in trophozoites, but not in cysts. During excystation, ADHE protein was detected after the first phase of induction, but the PFOR protein appeared only after the second phase. This indicated that both proteins were synthesized during excystation, although at different times. ADHE enzymatic activity was present only in trophozoites and not in cysts whereas GDH activity was detected in both stages.
Conclusion. These results conclusively showed that PFOR and ADHE enzymes were translated during the excystation process and is strong evidence that active protein synthesis was occurring during excystation.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/150
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/151
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Herramientas no invasivas en Venezuela: comparación entre las pruebas inmunoserológicas DAT, rK26 y rK39 en el diagnóstico de leishmaniasis visceral
Terán-Ángel, Guillermo
Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
Rodríguez, Vestalia
Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
Silva, Rosilved
Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Escuela de Medicina “José María Vargas”, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
Zerpa, Olga
Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
Schallig, Henk
Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen-Royal Tropical Institute, Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Ulrich, Marian
Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuelave
Cabrera, Maira
Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/151
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/152
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Análisis de costo-efectividad en Colombia de anastrazol Vs. tamoxifeno como terapia inicial en mujeres con cáncer temprano de mama y receptor hormonal positivo
Gamboa, Óscar
Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Díaz, Sandra
Grupo de Cirugía de Seno y Tejidos Blandos, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Chicaíza, Liliana
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
García, Mario
Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. In high-income countries, tamoxifen has been replaced by aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole in adjuvant hormone therapy for early breast cancer. These drugs target patients with positive hormone receptors, due to the better results achieved for disease-free survival. The cost-effectiveness of this treatment change has not been evaluated in middle income countries.
Objective. The cost effectiveness of anastrozole vs tamoxifen was assessed during five-years of adjuvant treatment of hormone receptor-positive, post-menopausal early breast cancer patients.
Materials and methods. This is a literature-based analysis. The natural history of the breast cancer and the effects of treatment were modeled as a Markov process. Effectiveness was defined as disease-free survival. Transition probabilities for the disease and adverse effects were obtained from the literature. Costs were defined as the median of actual costs provided by health insurance companies and the Colombian National Cancer Institute expressed in 2007 Colombian pesos. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed, along with one way sensitivity analysis was for the costs.
Results. Compared with tamoxifen, anastrazol results in an additional relapse-free period of 0.5 years. Each relapse-free year obtained by tamoxifen cost 27,210,604 pesos, or with anastrazol 37,071,337 pesos with a discount rate of 3%. The cost for a sustained-effects scenario were 23,617,400 pesos for tamoxifen and $16,140.282 for anastrazol.
Conclusions. The use of anastrazol has an additional cost per relapse-free year of 7,521,363 pesos (2007). Therefore, for postmenopausal, early breast cancer hormone receptor positive women in Colombia, the cost-effective alternative is tamoxifen used as adjuvant therapy for five years.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/152
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/153
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Mutaciones puntuales en los genes dhfr y dhps de Plasmodium falciparum de tres regiones endémicas
Galindo, John Alexander
Grupo de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Cristiano, Fabio Aníbal
Grupo de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Knudson, Angélica
Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Nicholls, Rubén Santiago
Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Guerra, Ángela Patricia
Grupo de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Plasmodium falciparum has the ability to counter the antiparasitic activity of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine by progressively accumulating mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes. These mutations gradually increase the resistance of the parasite to these drugs and lead to therapeutic failure.
Objectives. To determine the frequency of mutations associated with resistance to sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in the dhfr and dhps genes of P. falciparum in samples from patients in three endemic zones of Colombia -La Carpa, Guaviare; Casuarito, Vichada; and Tierralta and Puerto Libertador, Córdoba.
Materials and methods. Forty samples were selected from patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. The frequency profiles of the 108, 59 and 164 alleles of dhfr were obtained by application of an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, whereas the other alleles (alleles 51 of the dhfr gene and 436, 437 and 540 of dhps) were obtained by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results. The 108N and 51I mutations in the dhfr gene were found in all of the 40 samples. No mutant alleles were found in the 59 and 164 codons of the dhfr gene, or in the 436 codon of the dhps gene. The 437G mutation was observed in 36 samples and the wild-type allele was present in 3 from Tierralta and one from La Carpa. The 540E mutation was only detected in two samples from Casuarito.
Conclusions. The 108N, 51I and 437G mutations prevail in the populations of P. falciparum, indicating a cumulative effect of mutations and the need to continue surveillance for other changes which can lead to the total loss of the efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/153
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/154
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Frecuencia de malformaciones congénitas: evaluación y pronóstico de 52.744 nacimientos en tres ciudades colombianas
Zarante, Ignacio
Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Franco, Liliana
Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
López, Catalina
Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Fernández, Nicolás
Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. The Instituto de Genética Humana of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana conducted an epidemiological surveillance of congenital malformations as defined by criteria provided by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations.
Objective. The frequency of the main congenital malformations were tabulated for major urban centers in Colombia.
Materials and methods. Information was gathered from 52,744 newborns between April 2001 and January 2008 in three cities of Colombia (Bogotá, Ubaté and Manizales). Data included the age of mother, gestational age, gender and weight of the newborn and the congenital malformation. Cases were classified according to a prognostic scale to assess the impact of health team interventions in the recovery process.
Results. Congenital defects were noted in 3.1% of the newborns. The most frequent congenital defects were those of the ears. Clubfoot, polydactyly and cleft lip or palate were more common amongst males. The weight and gestational age were lower in the congenitally affected in comparison with the control group. The prognostic scale of congenital malformations indicated that most of these patients are at high risk of death or disability and that the intervention of the health team changed the patient´s prognosis in approximately 80% of the cases.
Conclusion. Frequencies of congenital malformations in Colombia were similar to those reported in other countries. The interventions of the health team in treating patients with congenital malformations directly affected patient prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate interdisciplinary treatment were recommended by these data in order to reduce disability and improve the quality of life of these patients.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/154
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/155
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de la estructura espacial de Triatoma maculata del centro-occidente de Venezuela y su viabilidad alimentado con sangre humana en condiciones de laboratorio
Torres, Keila
Laboratorio de Entomología “Herman Lent”, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Avendaño-Rangel, Francys
Laboratorio de Entomología “Herman Lent”, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Lizano, Eliécer
Laboratorio de Entomología “Herman Lent”, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
Rojas, María
Decanato de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Barquisimeto, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Rodríguez-Bonfante, Claudina
Decanato de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Barquisimeto, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Bonfante-Cabarcas, Rafael
Decanato de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado”, Barquisimeto, República Bolivariana de Venezuela
Aldana, Elis
Laboratorio de Entomología “Herman Lent”, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
Introduction. Immature and adult forms of Triatoma maculata have been captured repeatedly in and around the homes in the town of Xaguas, Venezuela. Because of its potential as a Chagas disease vector, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of human blood feeding on the viability and spatial structuring of a laboratory colony of this species .
Objective. The effect of human blood feeding was determined for the viability of a T. maculata laboratory colony, as well as its spatial structuring.
Material and methods. Insects were fed with human blood on artificial feeder. Spatial structuring was undertaken by the generalized analysis of by geometric morphometry.
Results. The average fecundity of 27.7 eggs/female/lifetime was found, with a mean time to oviposition of 32.7 days, and a female longevity of 39.2 days. The longest inter-molt period was at the fifth nymphal stage (45.9 days), whereas the shortest was at 18.4 days, during the first nymphal stage. The highest mortality of nymphs was observed at the fifth nymphal stage (77.8%). The lowest molting percentage was observed in the fifth nymphal stage (22.2%). No differences in the size of wings and heads were detectable; although differences in the head shape of individuals of the same sex from different environments were noted. Wing-shape differences were found only between the males of peridomestic and domestic ecotopes.
Conclusions. Triatoma maculata may be entering human dwellings to feed on non-human animals, or alternatively, may be in an incipient state of adaptation to a domestic ecotope for feeding on human beings.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/155
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/156
2014-09-03T23:28:53Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Valores de referencia para parámetros de espirometría en la población adulta residente en Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Rojas, María Ximena
Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Dennis, Rodolfo José
Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Departamento de Medicina Interna, Fundación Cardioinfantil, Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Reference values for pulmonary function parameters, generally applicable to most populations, have shown little validity in the correct interpretation of pulmonary function tests when applied to the adult population in Bogotá.
Objective. To identify which of four prediction models generated for use in populations of a similar ethnic background to that found in Colombia is the most accurate for use in adults in Bogotá.
Materials and methods. 534 subjects (male and female) between 18 and 65 years of age were recruited from a pool of workers employed by three private Bogotá companies. All subjects had resided in Bogotá for at least five years before the initiation of the study. Smokers and those with altered pulmonary function were excluded. Pulmonary function parameters were measured by flow volume curve. The results were analyzed (specifically, the difference between predicted and observed values) and the limits were calculated using the Bland & Altman method. A maximum average prediction error of 5% was accepted as valid for the observed value of each parameter.
Results. The models shown to be valid were as follows: Crapo for forced vital capacity (FVC) in men; Pérez-Padilla for FVC in women and for the ratio forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1/FVC) in both sexes, and the Hankinson model for Mexican-Americans, for all parameters in both sexes.
Conclusions. The Hankinson model proved to be the most accurate in predicting all spirometry parameters. However, its poor classification average (7%) is a limitation. In the future, new models with a better predictive accuracy will be required.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/156
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/157
2014-09-03T23:28:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Uso de plaguicidas inhibidores de acetilcolinesterasa en once entidades territoriales de salud en Colombia, 2002-2005
Cárdenas, Omayda
Grupo Salud Ambiental, Subdirección Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Silva, Elizabeth
Grupo Salud Ambiental, Subdirección Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Ortiz, Jaime Eduardo
Grupo Salud Ambiental, Subdirección Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
Introduction. Due to the importance of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting chemicals as pesticides in developing countries, the Instituto Nacional de Salud in Colombia designed the organophosphate and carbamate epidemiological surveillance program for the period 2002-2005.
Objective. The acetylcholinesterase activity was determined in study participants with a history of organophosphate and carbamate exposure and the most commonly used pesticides were identified in each study area.
Materials and methods. The information was compiled from reports sent to the Instituto Nacional de Salud organophosphate and carbamate epidemiological surveillance program from each of 11 provinces in Colombia. The analytical determination of the biomarker was performed by acetylcholinestare activity determined with the Lovibond field equipment.
Results. A total of 28,303 people were designated as having risk of exposure to pesticides. Most were men (81.4%). Abnormal determinations averaged 9.3% (9.9% in men and 7.0% in women). The 18-25 year old age group showed the highest prevalence of abnormal results (12.3%), followed by the group of 0-5 year olds (10.7%). The highest prevalence of abnormal acetylcholinesterase activity was in farm workers (27.0%), followed by general outdoor activities (26.1%). In the province of Meta, 80% of participants showed abnormal values of enzyme activity. The most commonly used pesticides were organophosphates (39.7%) and carbamates (16.6%).
Conclusion. The increase in the prevalence of abnormal values of acetylcholinesterase activity and the risk of exposure to pesticides in children necessitates a lowering of use and commercialization of high risk pesticides, and a need for developing safer methods for pest management.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/157
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/158
2014-09-03T23:28:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
La calidad de las citologías para tamización de cáncer de cuello uterino en cuatro departamentos de Colombia: un estudio de concordancia
Cendales, Ricardo
Grupo de Radioterapia Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Wiesner, Carolina
Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Murillo, Raúl Hernando
Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Piñeros, Marion
Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Tovar, Sandra
Subdirección de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Mejía, Juan Carlos
Grupo de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the female population in Colombia. The low impact of Papanicolaou smears in reducing cervical cancer mortality in some countries has been attributed to their low reproducibility and high rates of false negatives.
Objective. To evaluate the quality of the Papanicolaou smears in four regions of Colombia comparing the original report given by provincial cytologists or pathologists with a second report made by a team of expert pathologists from the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología of Colombia.
Materials and methods. A sample of 4,863 Papanicolau smears was selected by a simple stratified randomized sampling method. Three strata were defined according to the original cytological report as negative, positive and unsatisfactory. All slides were newly interpreted with Bethesda 2001 by two independent experienced pathologists blinded to the first results. Non-weighted kappa values were calculated for degree of agreement.
Results. Overall, the concordance between the two evaluations was very low with a kappa value of 0.03 (95% CI: 0-0.06). With regard to abnormalities in squamous cells, evaluation concordance was moderate with a value of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.41- 0.53); a trend was noted suggesting higher levels of concordance in the evaluations from the Tolima and Magdalena Provinces.
Conclusion. Problems related with the quality of Papanicolau smears or the accurate reading thereof may be factors that explain the low impact of massive screening in cervical cancer mortality in Colombia.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/158
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/159
2014-09-03T23:28:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Diseño de cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo para estudiar la relación dieta-cáncer en Colombia
Herrán, Oscar F.
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia Grupo Observatorio Epidemiológico de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaraman
Ardila, María F.
Grupo Observatorio Epidemiológico de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Rojas, Martha P.
Grupo Investigación Epidemiológica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Hernández, Gustavo A.
Grupo Investigación Epidemiológica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. In Colombia, cancer ranks third as a cause of death in the adult population. Thirty-five percent of cancer deaths are attributable to dietary factors and that 90% of colorectal cancers can be prevented by appropriate diets.
Objective. A dietary questionnaire was developed to study the relationship between diet and cancer for five cities in Colombia (Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Bogotá and Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area), based on 24-hour dietary survey data accumulated by the National Survey of Nutritional Status-2005.
Material and methods. Each questionnaire had 3 sections and involved six stages in its development. A checklist representing thirteen nutrients was formulated by means of the method of the variance maximization (Max_r ®); it was supplemented with nine categories of consumption frequency. The two complementary sections inquired about the consumption of food, number of meals per day, and methods of preparation, related with cancer development.
Results. Between 22 and 32 foods were discriminated for each questionnaire. Only nine foods were common in the checklists of each of the five cities. Nine of the thirteen nutrients are represented with correlations higher than 0.80, with a minimum 0.47 and a maximum of 1.0.
Conclusions. For the first time in Colombia specific questionnaires were developed to study the diet-cancer relationship. The checklist was comprehensive and it incorporated between-person variability, as well as the habits and food culture of each city. We propose nine analysis alternatives for the questionnaire. The questionnaires will prove useful in epidemiological research, although they require calibration with studies of reproducibility and validity.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/159
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/160
2014-09-03T23:28:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Picaduras por escorpión Tityus asthenes en Mutatá, Colombia: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y toxinológicos
Gómez, Juan P.
Grupo de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Grupo de Toxinas Animales, Antivenenos y Envenenamientos (TOXAVEN), Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicolo
Quintana, Juan C.
Grupo de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Facultad de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Arbeláez, Patricia
Grupo de Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Fernández, Jorge
E.S.E. Hospital La Anunciación, Mutatá, Colombia
Silva, Juan F.
E.S.E. Hospital La Anunciación, Mutatá, Colombia
Barona, Jacqueline
Grupo de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Gutiérrez, Juan C.
Ingeniería Acuícola, Universidad de Antioquia, Turbo, Colombia
Díaz, Abel
Grupo de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Otero, Rafael
Grupo de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Grupo de Toxinas Animales, Antivenenos y Envenenamientos (TOXAVEN), Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicolo
Introduction. Scorpion stings are a public health problem in many countries. However, in Colombia, very few epidemiological, clinical or toxicological studies have been undertaken.
Objective. Ecological and epidemiological aspects were related to the prevalence of scorpion stings by Tityus asthenes. The clinical features of envenomization were described in patients and in an experimental animal model.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in four localities of Mutatá and Urabá Counties in the province of Antioquia, Colombia. The sample consisted of 1,593 (929 urban, 664 rural) of the 5,305 exposed people, inhabitating 324 households (188 urban (58%); 136 rural (42%) of 1,448 houses total in the study area. An interview survey was performed in every selected family for a more realistic estimate of sting prevalence. Additionally, a prospective study was directed toward patients presenting scorpion stings at care at the local hospital over an 18-month period.
Results. The probability was 12.9 times greater of finding T. asthenes inside or around houses in places near to forest and high agrarian plantations (odds ratio=13). Eighty scorpion stings were reported in the retrospective study (4.1% prevalence [95% CI 3.3-4.8%] ), but only 14 of the patients (17.5%) sought care in the local hospital (an 82.5% underreportage). Seventy percent of the stings occurred in rural places; 50% occurred in the locality of Caucheras, with an attack rate of 10.6%. The overall household infestation rate was 269% (95% CI 22.9-30.8%) and an area dispersion ratio of 100%. Signs of systemic envenomization occurred mainly in children (67%). The 50% lethal dose of T. asthenes venom was 121.6 μg for 18-20 g Swiss Webster rats (95% CI 103.7-139.6). Immunodetection of T. asthenes and Centruroides gracilis/C.margantatus venoms in the experimental animals was possible when were tested by Western blot against Alacramyn® (Instituto Bioclón, México) and Soro antiaracnídico® (Instituto Butantan, Brasil) antivenoms. Scorpion interspecific differences were noted.
Conclusions. The prevalence of stings by T. asthenes were common and their presence was associated with tropical rainforests. Envenomization at low density can be neutralized efficiently by anti-scorpion antivenoms produced in México and Brazil but with differing specificities for the venom of each scorpion species.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-03-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/160
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 1 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/169
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Resultados adversos en la procreación en mujeres trabajadoras en la floricultura colombiana: un resumen de la evidencia mediante metanálisis
Idrovo, Álvaro Javier
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
Sanín, Luz Helena
FEN/Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
Introduction. Workers in floriculture are exposed to pesticides and other risk factors. Work in these occupational environments is suspected to be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. However, epidemiological studies in Colombia, a country that has a long tradition with this occupation, have not been consistent or conclusive.
Objective. To quantify the effect of women's work in Colombian floriculture in the occurrence of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and birth defects, using the results of two previous studies.
Material and methods. The results of two previous studies among Colombian floriculture worker populations were summarized with metaanalysis techniques. A critical evaluation of each of the studies identified potential biases and methodological limitations.
Results. The pooled estimator of spontaneous abortion was 2.24 (95CI: 1.87-2.68); that of premature infant birth was 1.49 (95%CI: 0.91-2.43), and of birth defects 1.31 (95%CI: 1.95-1.64).
Conclusions. The analyses suggested that work in floriculture is associated with a higher occurrence of spontaneous abortion and birth defects. However, these effects are not necessarily associated with pesticide exposure. Other risk factors requiring further study are levels of physical activity and high temperature in greenhouses. Data from countries which have initiated
occupations in floriculture more recently will add valuable evidence for this controversial association.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/169
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/170
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Incidencia y factores asociados al abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso
Cáceres, Flor de María
Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Orozco, Luis Carlos
Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Introduction. Tuberculosis is a public health problem. Non-compliance with treatment regimes increases morbidity-mortality, perpetuates transmission and generates bacterial resistance. It is necessary to know incidence and associated factors to non-compliance for performance interventions.
Objective. The incidence of and associated factors associated with non-compliance to antituberculous treatment were investigated.
Materials and methods. A follow-up study was conducted in an adult cohort with tuberculosis, living in an urban area. Non-compliance was defined as treatment default of 30 days or more. Patients were interviewed at the initiation of treatment and and re-interviewed in subsequent intervals. Outcome was defined as the period of time until treatment abandonment. Noncompliance rates were calculated, as well as survival curves; the Cox regression model was used to adjust for associated variables.
Results. Of the 261 patients who were interviewed, 39 (14.9%) had abandoned treatment (rate 0.4 episodes/1,000 days-person, 95%CI 0.2-0.8). Factors associated with compliance were family support (HR=0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.9), secondary drug effects (HR=0.2, 95%CI 0.1-0.6) and opportunity to receive treatment at the clinic where tuberculosis was diagnosed (HR=0.3, 95%CI 0.1-0.6). Risk factors for non-compliance were as follows: treatment requiring >2 months (HR=14.3, 95%CI 1.8-112.7), low socioeconomic status (HR=3.90, 95%CI 2.1-9.3), age between 21-30 years (HR=20.6, 95%CI 2.4-175.4), history of incarceration (HR=2.2, 95%CI 1.0-5.4), skipping treatments more that twice (HR=6.6, 95%CI 2.8-15.6) and co-infection with HIV/AIDS (HR=2.9, 95%CI 1.6-5.4).
Conclusion. Non-compliance rate is higher than previously reported. The data recommend the following strategies for improving compliance with antituberculosis treatment: (1) early diagnosis, (2) opportune treatment, (3) improved family support and (4) immediate intervention if a treatment is missed -especially in patients with HIV/AIDS, from low socioeconomic strata, or with record of incarceration.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/170
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/171
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Polimorfismo genético de la apolipoproteína E en un grupo de escolares del centro-oriente colombiano: comparación con las concentraciones plasmáticas de lípidos y apolipoproteínas
Callas, Ney
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Poveda, Elpidia
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Baracaldo, César
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Hernández, Patricia
Grupo Clínico-Genético-Molecular en Dislipoproteinemias, Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Castillo, Carlina
Grupo de Nutrición, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Guerra, Martha
Grupo Clínico-Genético-Molecular en Dislipoproteinemias, Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Research in laboratories around the world has documented the contribution of the E apolipoprotein alleles to structural variations of lipids and apolipoproteins.
Objective. The gene frequencies of the E apolipoprotein alleles were compared with the lipid and apolipoprotein levels in school age children.
Materials and methods. Six hundred and ninety one 5 to 15 years old school age children from the Colombian departments of Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Meta, Santander and Norte de Santander, were evaluated.The genotypes of the E apolipoprotein were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Plasma levels for the following 5 lipids and lipoproteins were assayed: total cholesterol, HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) cholesterol, A-I apolipoprotein and B-100 apolipoprotein.
Results. Alleles e2, e3 and e4 were found in frequencies of 0.04, 0.86 and 0.08, respectively. The E4 group (E4/3-E4/4), in contrast with the E2 group (E3/2-E2/2), presented highest plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and B-100 apolipoprotein (p=0.014, 0.001 and 0.000, respectively). When the E3/3 group was compared with E2, the same result was obtained (p=0.015, 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). The influence of the E apolipoprotein polymorphism appeared greater in female children than male.
Conclusions. The e4 allele was associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and B-100 apolipoprotein and indicates the necessity of additional research into the interactions
between polymorphism E apolipoprotein and other genes, life styles, risk factors and potential contribution to cardiovascular diseases.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/171
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/172
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Frecuencias alélicas, genotípicas y haplotípicas HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1 en donantes fallecidos, Medellín, Colombia
Rodríguez, Libia M.
Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Giraldo, Mabel C.
Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
García, Natalia
Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Velásquez, Laura
Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
París, Sara C.
Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Álvarez, Cristiam M.
Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
García, Luis F.
Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Genetic characterization of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system has provided insights into mechanisms of susceptibility to diverse diseases and immunological phenomena during pregnancy, as well as providing evidence for compatibility in the selection of organ transplant donors and recipients.
Objective. The HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were determined in deceased organ donors in Medellín, Colombia.
Materials and methods. The genotypes of 926 deceased donors were evaluated over a 17- year period (1989- 2006). HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 typing was performed by sequence specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). Maximum likelihood frequencies were estimated by the zipper version of expectation maximation algorithm. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were determined by an exact test analogous to Fisher's test by using Markov's chain, and linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci.
Results. Twenty-two, 43 and 14 alleles were identified for HLA-A, -B and -DRB loci, respectively. The most frequent were A*02, A*24, B*35, and DRB1*04. A deficiency in the proportion of heterozygotes in HLA-A and B loci (p<0.01 and p<0.00001, respectively). The most frequent haplotypes were as follows: HLA-A*24, B*35 (7.7%) for HLA-A,-B; HLA-B*35, DRB1*04 (6.4%) for HLA-B,-DRB1 and HLA-A*24, DRB1*04 (8.9%) for HLA-A,-DRB1. For the 3 loci HLA-A,-B,-DRB1, the most frequent haplotypes were A*24, B*35, DRB1*04 (4.6%) and A*24, B*61, DRB1*04 (2.0%).
Conclusions. These results confirm the three-ethnic ancestry of the Medellin population. The predominance of Caucasian admixture differs from many other Latin-American populations and can serve as a reference for comparative studies of these populations as well as applications within the Medellin population.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/172
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/173
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Estado nutricional de niños palúdicos residentes en El Bagre y Turbo, Antioquia, Colombia, 2004-2005
Uscátegui, Rosa Magdalena
Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Correa, Adriana María
Grupo de Malaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
Introduction. Malaria and malnutrition coexist within the poorest regions of the world. In the regions of Colombia where malaria is endemic, malnutrition is also a public health problem.
Objective. The prevalence of malnutrition in children with malaria was determined and several factors associated with malnutrition were identified.
Materials and methods. A total of 93 children with malaria were included. They resided in the municipalities of Turbo and El Bagre (Antioquia, Colombia) and volunteered for an experimental,
study to evaluate the outcome of an antimalarial treatment with a vitamin A supplement and an anti-intestinal parasite treatment administered as a single dose. At enrollment, the nutritional
status was evaluated by anthropometry, and a survey questionnaire was administered about economic and social conditions of the family.
Results. Prevalence of moderate or severe chronic malnutrition was 22.6%-10.8% of children had moderate or severe global malnutrition and 2.3% had acute malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in males and in children from Turbo.
Conclusions. Prevalence of malnutrition was higher than previously reported by the National Health and Demography Survey (2005) and, in Turbo, the prevalence was higher than that reported for the rest of the Urabá region of Antioquia.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/173
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/174
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Evaluación de dos pruebas rápidas [NOW® ICT Malaria Pf/Pv y OptiMAL®] para el diagnóstico de paludismo en Tumaco, Colombia
Mendoza, Nohora Marcela
Grupo de Parasitología, Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
García, Marisol
Grupo de Parasitología, Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Cortés, Liliana Jazmín
Grupo de Parasitología, Red Nacional de Laboratorios, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Vela, Claudia
Instituto Departamental de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
Erazo, Rigoberto
Instituto Departamental de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
Pérez, Pilar
Instituto Departamental de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
Ospina, Olga Lucía
Instituto Departamental de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
Burgos, Javier Darío
Instituto de Estudios Ambientales (IDEA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. To increase the accessibility of malaria diagnosis, the Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia undertook a field trial to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of two rapid diagnostic tests.
Objective. The sensitivity, specificity and concordance was compared for two rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, NOW® ICT Malaria Pf/Pv and OptiMAL®,
Materials and methods. A descriptive and concordance study was performed with 214 patients in the southwestern coastal city of Tumaco, Colombia, each of whom presented at least one of the symptoms of the classical malaria triad. Two strategies were applied for patient recruitment-one by passive search and a second through local health brigades.
Results. NOW® ICT showed a general sensitivity of 98.4% (95%CI: 90.3-99.9), and a general specificity of 98.0% (95%CI: 93.9-99.5). For Plasmodium falciparum, the sensitivity was 98.2% (95%CI: 89.4-99.9) and the specificity 98.1% (95%CI: 94.1-99.5). The sensitivity was lower (80.0%) when parasitemia ranged from 200 to 4,000 parasites/ μl. The sensitivity and specificity of the NOW® ICT for P. vivax malaria were 100%. The sensitivity for this test was not affected for the established ranges of parasitemia for P. vivax. The overall figures for OptiMAL® were 95.2% (95%CI: 85.8-98.8) sensitivity and 99.3% (95%CI: 95.8-100.0) specificity. For P. falciparum malaria OptiMAL® showed 94.7% (95%CI: 84.5-98.6) sensitivity and 99.4% (95%CI: 96.0-100.0) specificity. The sensitivity was lower (60.0%) when samples with 200-4,000 parasites/μl were tested. For P. vivax, OptiMAL® presented a 66.7% (95%CI: 24.1-94.0) sensitivity, which diminished to 50% with a parasitemia between 300-2.500 parasites/ μL.
Conclusions. Good results for sensitivity and specificity were obtained for malaria diagnosis using NOW® ICT and OptiMAL®, with NOW®ICT showing higher sensitivity and specificity values than OptiMAL®.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/174
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/175
2016-11-22T10:32:32Z
biomedica:ARTI
"071201 2007 eng "
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Perfiles clínicos del paludismo no complicado por Plasmodium falciparum en Córdoba, Colombia
Knudson, Angélica
Grupo de Parasitología, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá,D.C., Colombia
Nicholls, Rubén Santiago
Grupo de Parasitología, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Guerra, Ángela Patricia
Grupo de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Subdirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Sánchez, Ricardo
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. Few studies describe the clinical presentations of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the province of Córdoba in an endemic area of northwestern Colombia.
Objective. Profiles of patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were described from two twons of Córdoba, Tierrata and Puerto Libertador, based on clinical, epidemiological and laboratory variables.
Materials and methods. Patients were examined according to standard WHO/PAHO protocols for assessment of antimalarial drug efficacy. Clinical data and parasitological information was collected as well. A multiple correspondence multivariate analysis was used to compare the profiles of 127 patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Results. Of the 127patients,105 completed the 14-day follow-up and 7 had adequate clinical response. Between 80% and 98% of patients exhibited at least one of the most frequent symptoms of uncomplicated malaria, and 80.3% had asthenia as the most frequent symptom. The multivariate analysis grouped the variables into five distinguishable clusters of clinical profiles. These groups showed similarities with the classical clinical descriptions of uncomplicated malaria encountered in the literature. The low frequency of patients with adequate clinical response hampered the association analysis.
Conclusions. In Córdoba, therapeutic failure to chloroquine treatment is high in treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Multivariate analysis summarized variables related to epidemiological and clinical aspects and permitted a more objective approach to the interpretation of the findings.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2007-12-01 00:00:00
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/175
Biomédica; Vol. 27 Núm. 4 (2007)
eng
Derechos de autor
oai:oai.revistabiomedica.org:article/183
2014-09-03T23:28:54Z
biomedica:ARTI
2590-7379
0120-4157
dc
Genotipificación de los polimorfismos -511, -31 y +3954 del gen de la interleucina-1β humana en una población colombiana con cuadro de dispepsia
Arango, María Teresa
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Jaramillo, Carlos
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Montealegre, María Camila
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Bohórquez, Mabel Helena
Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Universidad del Tolima, Santa Helena, Ibagué, Colombia
Delgado, María del Pilar
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Introduction. The human interleukin-1β gen (IL-1 β) polymorphisms such as -511, -31 and +3954 have been associated with the presence of gastric cancer, due to the inhibitor effect that this protein has on acid secretion in the stomach. Thisfacility can enhance the colonization and infection by agents like Helicobactor. pylori and the genesis of preneoplastic states that can lead to cancer development.
Objective. Three polymorphisms of IL-1β (+3954, -511 and -31) will be genetically characterized and their frequencies established in a population of patients with gastric symptoms.
Materials and methods. Gastric antrum biopsies were obtained from 111 patients that showed signs of gastric disorder. A PCR was done to detect the H. pylori presence; a PCR using designed primers for specific regions was done to define the three polymorphic regions of IL-1β, and a RFLP was carried out using Aval, Alul and TaqI for the position -511, -231 and +3954 for each case.
Results. Helicobacter pylori was detected in 59.5% of the evaluated gastric while the histopathology study revealed that 82.9% of patients had some pathology. Characterization of polymorphic regions of IL-1β gen were joined to RFLP typing evidenced that all descfribed genotypes were present in the study population. However, patients with benign pathologies infected with H. pylori had a high frequency of the CC genotype (28.6%) in the -31 polymorphic regions.
Conclusion. No significant differences were found between the genotype frequenciess of the H. pylori-infected and the non-infected populations with one exception. The CC genotype in the -31 polymorphic region was associated with benign pathologies.
Instituto Nacional de Salud
2010-08-04 15:46:46
application/pdf
application/pdf
https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/183
Biomédica; Vol. 30 Núm. 2 (2010)
eng
Derechos de autor
849263818a145102df7a2d7a5c8a82aa