Síntesis de nanopartículas de ácido poli-láctico cargadas con antibióticos y su actividad antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina

Mónica Tatiana Herrera, Jhon Jhamilton Artunduaga, Claudia Cristina Ortiz, Rodrigo Gonzalo Torres, .

Palabras clave: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina, nanopartículas, antibacterianos

Resumen

Introducción. Las nanopartículas poliméricas constituyen una herramienta nanotecnológica que podría ayudar a combatir los microorganismos patógenos que han desarrollado resistencia a los antibióticos convencionales.
Objetivo. Sintetizar nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico cargadas con ofloxacina y vancomicina, y determinar su actividad antibacteriana frente a Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM).
Materiales y métodos. Las nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico cargadas con ofloxacina y vancomicina se sintetizaron utilizando el método de emulsión y evaporación de solvente. Se caracterizaron mediante dispersión de luz en modo dinámico, electroforesis Doppler con láser y microscopía electrónica de barrido (S-TEM). Se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana in vitro de las nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico con ofloxacina contra E. coli O157:H7 y nanopartículas de ácido poliláctico con vancomicina contra SARM, mediante el método de microdilución en caldo.
Resultados. Se obtuvieron nanopartículas poliméricas con tamaños inferiores a 379 nm y carga superficial positiva de hasta 21 mV. Las nanopartículas cargadas con ofloxacina presentaron una concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM50) de 0,001 μg/ml frente a E. coli O157:H7, valor 40 veces menor que la concentración de antibiótico libre necesaria para lograr el mismo efecto (CIM50=0,04 μg/ml). Para SARM, las nanopartículas mejoraron la potencia farmacológica in vitro de la vancomicina al
exhibir una MIC50 de 0,005 μg/ml, comparada con la de 0,5 μg/ml del antibiótico libre.
Conclusiones. Se mejoró el efecto antibacteriano de la ofloxacina y la vancomicina incorporadas en la matriz polimérica de ácido poliláctico. Las nanopartículas poliméricas constituirían una alternativa para el control de cepas bacterianas de interés en salud pública.

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  • Mónica Tatiana Herrera Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
  • Jhon Jhamilton Artunduaga Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
  • Claudia Cristina Ortiz Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
  • Rodrigo Gonzalo Torres Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

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Herrera MT, Artunduaga JJ, Ortiz CC, Torres RG. Síntesis de nanopartículas de ácido poli-láctico cargadas con antibióticos y su actividad antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina. biomedica [Internet]. 24 de enero de 2017 [citado 29 de marzo de 2024];37(1):11-2. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/2995

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