Autopercepción de la salud, presencia de comorbilidades y depresión en adultos mayores mexicanos: propuesta y validación de un marco conceptual simple

Eduardo Bustos-Vázquez, Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño, Claudia Iveth Astudillo-Garcia, .

Palabras clave: autoevaluación, estado de salud, comorbilidad, depresión, envejecimiento, determinantes sociales de la salud, México

Resumen

Introducción. La autopercepción de la salud es una concepción individual y subjetiva que resulta de la intersección entre factores biológicos, sociales y psicológicos, y proporciona una evaluación única e inestimable del estado general de salud de una persona.
Objetivo. Proponer y evaluar un modelo conceptual simple para entender la autopercepción de la salud y su relación con la presencia de comorbilidades, discapacidad y síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores mexicanos.
Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal basado en una muestra representativa nacional de 8.874 adultos de 60 y más años. Se determinó la autopercepción positiva de la salud mediante una escala de tipo Likert con la pregunta: “¿Cómo considera que es su estado actual de salud?”, así como de las variables intermedias de presencia de comorbilidades, discapacidad y síntomas depresivos, y variables exógenas dicotómicas (sexo, tener pareja, percepción de la participación en las decisiones del hogar y pobreza). Para validar el modelo conceptual propuesto, se diseñó un modelo generalizado de ecuaciones estructurales con función de enlace logit para la autopercepción positiva de la salud.
Resultados. Se encontró una asociación de vías directas entre la presencia de comorbilidades y la autopercepción positiva de la salud (odds ratio, OR=0,48; IC95% 0,42-0,55), entre la discapacidad y la autopercepción positiva de la salud (OR=0,35; IC95% 0,30-0,40),y entre los síntomas depresivos y la autopercepción positiva de la salud (OR=0,38; IC95% 0,34-0,43). El modelo también validó asociaciones indirectas entre discapacidad y síntomas depresivos (OR=2,25; IC95% 2,01-2,52), presencia de comorbilidades y síntomas depresivos (OR=1,79; IC95% 1,61-2,00), y presencia de comorbilidades y discapacidad (OR=1,98; IC95% 1,78-2,20).
Conclusiones. Se hizo la evaluación empírica de un modelo teórico parsimonioso, lo cual permitió determinar asociaciones directas e indirectas con la autopercepción positiva de la salud.

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  • Eduardo Bustos-Vázquez Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, México
  • Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
  • Claudia Iveth Astudillo-Garcia Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, México

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Cómo citar
1.
Bustos-Vázquez E, Fernández-Niño JA, Astudillo-Garcia CI. Autopercepción de la salud, presencia de comorbilidades y depresión en adultos mayores mexicanos: propuesta y validación de un marco conceptual simple. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de abril de 2017 [citado 29 de marzo de 2024];37(Sup.1):92-103. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/3070

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2017-04-01

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