Papel de las células dendríticas tolerogénicas ILT3+/ILT4+ en la respuesta inmunitaria a trasplante de órganos y tejidos
Palabras clave:
trasplante, células dendríticas, tolerancia inmunológica, inmunomodulación, supervivencia
Resumen
Las células dendríticas son las células presentadores de antígeno más potentes y, por lo tanto, son importantes en el desencadenamiento de la respuesta inmunitaria frente a aloantígenos; sin embargo, también juegan un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento de la tolerancia periférica. La tolerancia es potenciada por la expresión en estas células de los receptores inhibidores ILT3 e ILT4, los cuales, mediante el reclutamiento de fosfatasas de tirosinas a sus dominios ITIM, inhiben la activación de la célula presentadora de antígeno y conducen a una débil respuesta de la célula T. Estos receptores propician, además, una interacción bidireccional con células T supresoras, T reguladoras o ambas, generando una cascada inmunorreguladora específica de antígeno, en la cual la célula dendrítica se comporta como una célula "tolerogénica".
En esta revisión analizamos la biología y el comportamiento de las células dendríticas tolerogénicas que expresan altos niveles de ILT3 e ILT4, así como algunos aspectos moleculares y genéticos de estos receptores y su importancia en la modulación de las respuestas inmunitarias específicas de aloantígeno frente a un trasplante.
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Referencias bibliográficas
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3. Morelli E, Thompson W. Tolerogenic dendritic cells and the quest for transplant tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:610-21.
4. Sykes M. Immune tolerance: Mechanism and application in clinical Transplantation. J Intern Med. 2007;262:288-310.
5. Banchereau J, Steinman R. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature. 1998;392:245-52.
6. Lu L, Rudert WA, Qian S, McCaslin D, Fu F, Rao AS, et al. Growth of donor-derived dendritic cells from the bone marrow of murine liver allograft recipients in response to granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med. 1995;182:379-87.
7. Lutz MB, Schuler G. Immature, semi-mature and fully mature dendritic cells: Which signals induce tolerance or immunity? Trends Immunol. 2002;23:445-9.
8. Hugues S, Fetler L, Bonifaz L, Helft J, Amblard F, Amigorena S. Distinct T cell dynamics in lymph nodes during the induction of tolerance and immunity. Nat Immunol. 2004;5:1235-42.
9. Munn DH, Zhou M, Attwood JT, Bondarev I, Conway SJ, Marshall B, et al. Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism. Science. 1998;281:1191-3.
10. Oh GS, Pae HO, Choi BM, Chae SC, Lee HS, Ryu DG, et al. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, one of metabolites of tryptophan via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathway, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by enhancing heme oxygenase-1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;320:1156-6.
11. Reid S, Penna G, Adorini L. The control of T cell responses by dendritic cell subsets. Curr Opin Immunol. 2000;12:114-21.
12. Steinman RM, Cohn ZA. Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution. J Exp Med. 1973;137: 1142-62.
13. Coquerelle C, Moser M. Are dendritic cells central to regulatory T cell function? Immunol Lett. 2008;119:12-6.
14. Dzionek A, Inagaki Y, Okawa K, Nagafune J, Rock J, Sohma Y, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: From specific surface markers to specific cellular functions. Hum Immunol. 2002;63:1133-48.
15. Shi H, Ge J, Fang W, Yao K, Sun A, Huang R, et al. Peripheral-blood dendritic cells in men with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100:593-7.
16. Shortman, K, Naik SH. Steady-state and inflammatory dendritic-cell development. Nat Rev Immunol. 2007;7:19-30
17. Naik, S. Sathe, P, Park H, Metcalf D, Proietto A, Dakic A, et al. Development of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell subtypes from single precursor cells derived in vitro and in vivo. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:1217-26.
18. Ardavin C. Origin, precursors and differentiation of mouse dendritic cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2003;3:582-90.
19. Henri S, Siret C, Machy P, Kissenpfennig A, Malissen B, Leserman L. Mature DC from skin and skin draining LN retain the ability to acquire and efficiently present targeted antigen. Eur J Immunol. 2007; 37:1184-93.
20. Asselin-Paturel C, Boonstra A, Dalod M, Durand I, Yessaad N, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, et al. Mouse type I IFN producing cells are immature APCs with plasmacytoid morphology. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:1144-50.
21. Liu YJ. IPC: Professional type 1 interferon-producing cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:275-306.
22. Granuccia F, Zanonia I, Ricciardi-Castagnol P. Central role of dendritic cells in the regulation and deregulation of immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008;65:1683-97.
23. Ehser S, Chuang J, Kleist C, Sandra-Petrescu F, Iancu M, Wang D, et al. Suppressive dendritic cells as a tool for controlling allograft rejection in organ transplantation: Promises and difficulties. Hum Immunol. 2008;69:165-73.
24. Cella M, Facchetti F, Lanzavecchia A, Colonna M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated by influenza virus and CD40L drive a potent TH1 polarization. Nat Immunol. 2000;1:305-10.
25. Larsson M, Fonteneau J, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cells resurrect antigens from dead cells. Trends Immunol. 2001;22:141-8.
26. Wu L, Dakic A. Development of dendritic cell system. Cell Mol Immunol. 2004;1:112-28.
27. Sato K, Yamashita N, Baba M, Matsuyama T. Modified myeloid dendritic cells act as regulatory dendritic cells to induce anergic and regulatory T cells. Blood. 2003;101:3581-9.
28. Trombetta ES, Mellman I. Cell biology of antigen processing in vitro and in vivo. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:975-1028.
29. Pfeifer J, Wick MJ, Roberts R, Findlay K, Normark SJ, Harding CV. Phagocytic processing of bacterial antigens for class I MHC presentation to T cells. Nature. 1993;361:359-62.
30. Piemonti L, Monti P, Allavena P, Sironi M, Soldini L, Leone BE, et al. Glucocorticoids affect human dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. J Immunol. 1999;162: 6473-81.
31. Banchereau J, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature. 1998;392:245-52.
32. Walunas TL, Lenschow DJ, Bakker CY, Linsley PS, Freeman GJ, Green JM, et al. CTLA-4 can function as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Immunity. 1994;1:405-13.
33. Andre N. T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. Part I: Signaling components, signaling pathway and integration at the T cell antigen receptor synapse. J Allergy Clin immunol. 2002;109:758-70.
34. Le Moine A, Goldman M, Abramowics D. Multiple pathways to allograft rejection. Transplantation. 2002;9:1373-81.
35. Game DS, Lechler RI. Pathways of allorecognition: Implications for transplantation tolerance. Transpl Immunol. 2002;10:101-8.
36. Ankit Bharat, Mohanakumar T. Allopeptides and the alloimmune response. Cell Immunol. 2007;248:31-43.
37. Schwartz R. T cell anergy. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21: 305-34
38. Mahnke K, Johnson T, Ring S, Enk A. Tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: A two way relationship. J Dermatol Sci. 2007;46:159-67.
39. Chambers C, Allison P. Costimulatory regulation of T cell function. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1999;11:203-10.
40. Nurieva R, Thomas S, Nguyen T, Martín-Orozco N, Wang Y, Kaja M, et al. T cell tolerance or function is determined by combinatorial costimulatory signals. EMBO J. 2006; 25:2623-33.
41. Vacca C, Fallarino F, Perruccio K, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Gizzi S. CD40 ligation prevents onset of tolerogenic properties in human dendritic cells treated with CTLA-4-IG. Microbes Infect. 2005;7:1040-8.
42. Steinman RM, Hawiger D, Nussenzweig MC. Tolerogenic dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;2:685-711.
43. Cortesini N, Piazza N, Ho E, Ciubotarui R, LeMault J, Favera R, et al. Distinct mRNA microarray profiles of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Hum Immunol. 2000;62:1065-72.
44. Manavalan JS, Rossi PC, Vlad G, Piazza F, Yarilina A, Cortesini R, et al. High expression of ILT3 and ILT4 is a general feature of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Transpl Immunol. 2003;11:245-58.
45. Suciu-Foca N, Cortesini R. Central role of ILT3 in the T suppressor cell cascade. Cell Immunol. 2007;248:59-67.
46. Subudhi S, Alegre M. The balance of immune responses: Costimulation versus coinhibition. J Mol Med. 2005;83: 193-202.
47. Cortesini N. Molecular characterization of allospecific T suppressor tolerogenic dendritic cells: Review. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005;5:7-11.
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Cómo citar
1.
Arboleda JF, García LF, Álvarez CM. Papel de las células dendríticas tolerogénicas ILT3+/ILT4+ en la respuesta inmunitaria a trasplante de órganos y tejidos. biomedica [Internet]. 7 de marzo de 2011 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];31(2):281-95. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/308
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