Distribución y caracterización molecular de betalactamasas en bacterias Gram negativas en Colombia, 2001-2016

Ana Mercedes Rada, Christian Hernández-Gómez, Eliana Restrepo, Maria Virginia Villegas, .

Palabras clave: betalactamasas, bacterias Gram negativas, infecciones bacterianas, programas de optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos, Colombia

Resumen

Las betalactamasas, enzimas con capacidad hidrolítica frente a los antibióticos betalactámicos, son responsables del principal mecanismo de resistencia en bacterias Gram negativas; las de mayor impacto clínico y epidemiológico en los hospitales, son las betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), las de tipo AmpC y las carbapenemasas. El incremento en su frecuencia y su diseminación a nivel mundial ha limitado cada vez más las opciones terapéuticas tanto en infecciones adquiridas en los hospitales como las que se generan en la comunidad.
En Colombia, las redes de vigilancia y los grupos de investigación iniciaron su estudio desde finales de los años 90 y, así, se logró la caracterización molecular de las diferentes variantes; además, se reportó una gran prevalencia y diseminación en los hospitales de mediana y alta complejidad, y se describió el impacto clínico de las infecciones que causan. Dichos estudios han evidenciado el alto grado de endemia de algunas de estas betalactamasas y, en consecuencia, la necesidad de una inmediata implementación de programas para inducir el uso prudente de los antibióticos y de medidas de vigilancia, que permitan controlar y prevenir su diseminación, con el fin de disminuir la morbimortalidad en los pacientes y preservar las opciones terapéuticas disponibles en la actualidad.
En esta revisión, se recopiló la información sobre las variantes, la distribución geográfica y la caracterización molecular de las betalactamasas en Colombia, así como los estudios llevados a cabo desde finales de la década de 90 hasta el 2016.

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  • Ana Mercedes Rada Grupo Bacterias & Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Grupo Biociencias, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
  • Christian Hernández-Gómez Unidad de Resistencia Bacteriana - Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana (UGRA), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
  • Eliana Restrepo Grupo Bacterias & Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
  • Maria Virginia Villegas Unidad de Resistencia Bacteriana - Epidemiología Hospitalaria, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia Unidad de Genética y Resistencia Antimicrobiana (UGRA), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

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Cómo citar
1.
Rada AM, Hernández-Gómez C, Restrepo E, Villegas MV. Distribución y caracterización molecular de betalactamasas en bacterias Gram negativas en Colombia, 2001-2016. biomedica [Internet]. 1 de mayo de 2019 [citado 28 de marzo de 2024];39(Sp. 1):199-220. Disponible en: https://revistabiomedica.org/index.php/biomedica/article/view/4351

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2019-05-01

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